Hormones+hw-+kat

1. Compare and Contrast the endocrine system and the nervous system. (At least three things) Both the endocrine system and the nervous system work together to regulate the activities of other systems. They use chemical signals when responding to changes that might threaten homeostasis. The difference between the endocrine system and the nervous system is the endocrine system uses hormones to send signals to the body.

2. What is a steroid hormone? How does it compare to a peptide hormone? A steroid hormone are lipids that are made of the same complex as peptides of four carbon rings because they are all derived from cholesterol. A peptide hormone are protein based hormones that are made of carbon as well.

3. Explain the role of the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus regulates the internal environment through the autonomic system. It helps control your heart beat, body temperature, and water balance. It also controls the glandular secretions of the pituitary gland.

4. Explain the role of the pituitary gland (posterior and anterior). The pituitary gland is made up of two portions the posterior and anterior pituitary. Neurons in the hypothalamus called neurosecretory cells produce the hormones antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin. These hormones pass through the axon into the posterior pituitary where they are stored in axon endings. The anterior pituitary produces and stores more than six different hormones.

5. Name the endocrine glands covered in this chapter, the hormone(s) they produce, and the function of each hormone. You may want to set up a table.
 * Hypothalamus**:
 * releases and inhibiting hormones:
 * regulate the anterior pituitary
 * Pituitary Gland**:
 * Posterior Pituitary:
 * Antidiuretic (ADH): water reabsorbing by kidneys
 * Oxytocin: stimulates uterine contraction and milk letdown
 * Anterior Pituitary:
 * Thyroid stimulating (TSH): stimulates thyroid
 * Adrenocorticotropic (ACTH): stimulate adrenal cortex
 * Gonadotropic (FSH, LH): egg and sperm production; sex hormone production
 * Prolactin (PL): milk production
 * Growth (GH): bone growth, protein synthesis, and cell division
 * Thyroid**:
 * Thyroxine (T4) and triiodthyronine (T3): increase metabolic rates; regulates growth and development
 * Calcitonin: lowers lood calcium level
 * Adrenal Gland**:
 * Adrenal Cortex:
 * Glucoccorticoids (cortisol): raises blood glucose level; stimulates breakdown of protein
 * Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone): reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium
 * Sex hormone: reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristics
 * Adrenal medulla:
 * Epinephrine and norepinephrine: active in emergency situations; raise blood glucose level
 * Parathyroids**:
 * Parathyroid hormone (PTH): raise blood calcium level
 * Thymus**:
 * Thymosins: production and maturation of T lymphocytes
 * Pancreas**:
 * Insulin: lowers blood glucose level; formation of glycogen
 * Gonads**:
 * Testes
 * Androgens (testosterone): male sex characteristics
 * Ovaries
 * Estrogens and progesterone: female sex characteristics