1+WB

- Foods these days are not really food. They are more like food-like substances. - “Eat food, not too much, mostly greenery.” - Manufacturers modify foods, in order to make more money by making new products. - These foods lack natural nutrients, and are not good for the body. - Pollan does not see these products as real foods. - Processed foods are not good, and should not be consumed at all.

Processes that occur during the digestive process: - All digestive organs are located in the gastrointestinal tract. - Ingestion, or eating, is the first process. Food is broken down in the mouth, and then is passed through the esophagus. - Next, actual digestion occurs. o Mechanical digestion o Chemical digestion - Foods are divided into pieces, and then broken down by digestive enzymes. - Nutrients are then passed into the bloodstream. - All other indigestible wastes are passed through the anus (gross).

List four layers and illnesses of GI tracts: - Mucosa Layer o Produces mucus to protect the walls from digestive enzymes. o Diverticulitis- pouches become infected and inflamed. - Submucosa Layer o Contains blood vessels. - Muscularis Layer o Help movement of food all throughout the digestive tract. o Irritable bowel syndrome. - Serosa o Secretes serous fluid. o Appendicitis

Mechanical and chemical digestion: - Teeth grind foods into smaller pieces. - Chemicals like saliva allow food to pass into the digestive system.

The epiglottis will not allow food to enter the trachea or nasal passages while eating.

Functions of stomach: - Stores food - Puts nutrients into bloodstream

Stomach wall: - Thicker with a layer of mucous, which protects against stomach acid.

Small intestine: - Absorbs nutrients: o Sugars o Acids o Fats

Other digestive organs: - Gallbladder - Pancreas - Liver

Parts of large intestine: - Cecum - Rectum - Colon - Anus

Urinary system parts and functions: - Kidneys o Excrete waste - Ureters o Move urine to bladder from kidneys - Urinary Bladder o Stores urine - Urethra o Tube that goes to external organ for urine removal

Kidneys maintain homeostasis by: - Maintaining water / salt ratio in blood - Excrete metabolic wastes - Maintain acid / base ration in blood - Aid in hormone secretion

Kidney - Renal cortex - Renal medulla