Diigestive+System+HW+MA

Digestive System Book Homework (p.144-155) 1. Name and describe the processes that occur during the digestive process. 2. What are the four layers of the GI tract? Associate an illness with each of the layers. (Describe the Illness) 3. Describe the mechanical digestion and the chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth. 4. What ordinarily prevents food from entering the nose or entering the trachea when you swallow? 5. What are the function of the stomach, and how is the wall of the stomach modified to perform these functions? 6. What are the functions of the small intestine and how is the wall of the small intestine modified to perform these functions? 7. What are the three main accessory organs that assist with the digestive process? 8. How does each accessory organ contribute to the digestion of food? 9. What are the different parts of the large intestine? 10. What are the functions of the large intestine?
 * Ingestion is when you take in food.
 * Digestion occurs in two ways. One way is mechanical, which is when the food is broken into pieces. We do some of this ourselves when we cut up our food. Another way is chemical, which is the process that occurs as food enters our mouth until it reaches our small intestine. The food that passes from the stomach to the small intestine is called a chyme.
 * Movement is the movement of food from one organ to another.
 * Absorption is when the nutrients gained from the food that has been digested leaves the GI track and enter our blood which is carried by cells in our blood.
 * Elimination is when food exits the body because it could not be digested, this is called defecation.
 * 1) Mucosa-Diverticulosis this happens when pockets form in the Mucosa and food gets caught in the pockets. The pockets can become infected and this is called diverticulitis.
 * 2) Submucosa-Inflammatory bowel disease occurs because the submucosa has blood vessels that lead to inflammatory responses. The disease causes diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss.
 * 3) Muscularis- Irritable bowel system is caused when the wall contracts and causes pain, constipation, and diarrhea.
 * 4) Serosa-The appendix which is in the serosa can become inflamed and burst causing peritonitis which can be life threatening.
 * Mechanical Digestion:
 * For the first two years we have baby teeth then we eventually get 32 regular teeth. Some will get molars.
 * Chemical Digestion
 * Salivary glands send saliva through the ducts of the mouth. These glands are located beneath the tongue and the inner surface of the cheek. The enzyme salivary smylase is in our saliva and digests starch.
 * The soft palate blocks of the nasal passges. The trachae moves up under the epiglottis to block the airway.
 * The stomach digests protein, holds food, and moves chyme into the small intestine. The stomach has smooth muscle that allows the stomach to stretch, this is called the oblique layer. This helps the stomach break down acids.
 * The small intestine digests all foods, in particular carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. The small intestine breaks this food down with enzymes. The very large surface area of the small intestine helps it perform the function of absorption.
 * 1) Pancreas
 * 2) Liver
 * 3) Gall Bladder
 * 1) Pancreas: The pancreas "secretes" insulin and when the bodies glucose levels rise the pancreas creates insulin.
 * 2) Liver: The liver removes toxins from the blood.
 * 3) Gall Bladder: Bile is stored here.
 * 1) cecum
 * 2) colon
 * 3) rectum
 * 4) anal canal
 * Absorption of water, absorbs vitamins, forms feces, and rids the body of feces.