Chapter+21+DNA+Nawtes+PK

__**Chapter 21 Homework by Patricia Kelley**__


 * Define**

__//complementary paired bases//:__ the bases that make up a double helix, held together by hydrogen bonding __template:__ a mold for the DNA replication of a new strand __mutation__: a permanent change in the sequence of bases that can possinle cause a change in the phenotype and introduce a variability __messenger RNA__: tjos type carries genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm where protein synthesis occurs __DNA replication__: the process of coying a DNA helix __transcription:__ when a strand of mRNA forms that is complimentary to a portion of DNA __translation__: the process where the information is put into another language (example: nucleotides language into amino acid language) __codon:__ the three letter base unit of an mRNA molecule


 * Questions**

1. How does the structure of DNA allow it to be replicated? 2. How is the structure of RNA similar to, but also different from DNA? (THIS IS A LONG ANSWER SEE TABLE 21.1) 3. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary DNA strand be? 4. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary mRNA strand be? 5. What is the structure of a protein? 6. What functions do proteins perform? 7. If a mRNA had the codon sequence AUU GCG UGG, name the three amino acids that would be linked. 8. What evidence with respect to DNA suggests that all living things are related and share a common ancestor? 9. Where does transcription occur and what is the product? 10. Where does translation occur and what is the product?
 * The original strand serves as a template for the creation of a new strand.
 * Differences:
 * The DNA can be found in the nucleus while the RNA can be found within the nucleus AND the cytoplasm
 * DNA is made up of genetic material which RNA is sugar fructose
 * Within DNA, the sugar is made up of deoxyribose while the RNS sugar is ribose
 * the DNA's bases are A,T,C,G while the RNS bases are A,U,C,G
 * DNA is double stranded - RNA is single stranded
 * DNA is transcribed to give mRNA which RNA is translated to give proteints
 * Similarites
 * Both..
 * are nucleic acids
 * composed of nucleotides
 * have a sugar-phosphate backbone
 * have four different types of bases
 * the complemenary DNA strand would be CGGTACTGG
 * [[image:http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/RNA_sstrand.jpg width="266" height="283" caption="http://tigger.uic.edu/classes/phys/phys461/phys450/ANJUM04/RNA_sstrand.jpg"]]
 * the complementary mRNA would be CGGUACUGG
 * Proteins are made up of twenty different kinds of amino acids. The sequence of the amino acids mae the structure look like a pearl necklace
 * Proteins have many different functions. For example, they provide the red color of RBCs and make up antibodies and muscle cells.
 * AUU = Isoleucine
 * UGG = Tryptophan
 * BCB = Alanine
 * The genetic codes suggests that all libing things are related and share a common ancestor.
 * Transciption occurs within the nucleus and it produces a template for the production of an RNA molecule.
 * Translation occurs within the nucleus and polypeptide is the product.