Chapter+3+KR

Chapter 3. Cell Structure. 1. What does the cell theory state? The cell theory states that a cell is the basic unit of life. Nothing smaller than a cell exists and/or is alive. As a result, a unicellular organism exhibits the seven characteristics of life. Similarly, there is no smaller unit of life that is able to reproduce, respond to stimuli, remain homeostatic, grow and develop, take in and use materials from the environment, and eventually become adapted to that environment.

2. Why are cells so tiny? Cells are so tiny because of the surface-area-to-volume ration of cells. One of the many processes of life includes that nutrients enters the cell and wastes leave the cell. Because of this process, the greater amount of surface area, the greater ability to get materials that are needed in and out of the cell. As cells get bigger and bigger to accommodate the needs of the nutrients going in and out of the cell, cells must divide as they eventually become too big. This process is known as Cell Division.

3. What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? The three main parts of a eukaryotic cell are the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and various/multiple organelles.

4. Explain how the eukaryotic cell gained mitochondria and chloroplasts.

5. What are glycoproteins, and what functions do proteins, including glycoproteins, have in the plasma membrane? 6. What is endocytosis and exocytosis, and how do they occur? 7. The nucleus, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum make what contribution to protein synthesis? 8. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus make what contribution to the processing of proteins? 9. What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes? 10. What is the function of the mitochondria?