respirtry+systemgms

Nasal cavity - narrow cavities composed of bone and cartilage. where air goes in pharynx - a funnel shaped passageway that connect the nasal and oral cavities to the larynx. therefore, the pharynx which is commonly referred to is the throat. glottis - slit between the vocal cords and the space between them larynx - a cartilaginous structure that serves as a passageway for air between the pharynx and the trachea. can be pictured as a triangular box, called the voice box houses vocal cords trachea -commonly called the windpipe a tube that connecting the larynx to the primary bronchi. Its walls consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle reinforced by bronchus - the trachea divides into right and left primary bronchi which lead into the right and left lungs the bronchi branch bronchioles - which branch from bronchi lung - lungs are paired coneshaped organs that occupy the thoracic cavity except for the central area that contains the trachea the heart and the esophagus diaphragm - a sheet of muscle extending from the bottom of the ribcage seperates the thoric cavity and abdominal cavity the lungs have about 300 million alveoli with a total corresctional area of 50-70cm squared. the wall of the sac and the wall of the capilarlary are largely simple squamous epithelium- thin flattened cells and this facilitates gas exchange. Gas exchange occurs between air in the alveoli and blood in the capillaries. Oxygen diffuses across the alveolar wall and enters the bloodstream while carbon dioxide diffuesses from the blood across the alveolar wall to enter the alveoli. Co2 diffuses out of the plasma into the lungs. most of the CO2 is carried in plasma as bicarbonate ions. the pressure pattern for O2 during external respiration is the reverse of that for CO2. Oxygen diffuses out of the blood into the tissues. After CO2 diffuses into the blood most enters the red blood cells. The act of breathing brings oxygen in air to the lungs and carbon dioxde from the lungs to outside the body.The princlpes of diffusion alone govern weeather O2 of CO2 enters or leaves the blood in the lungs and in the tissues Upper respiratory Tract Infections can spread from the nasal cavities to the sinuses, middle ears, and the larynx. What we call strep throat is a pirmary bacterial infection The symptoms of strep throat are server sore throat, high fever, and white patches on dark red throat.\ Acute Bronchitis - an infection of the primary and secondary bronchi usually it is preceded by a viral URI that has led to a secondary bacterial infection. Most likely a nonproductive cough has become a deep cough that expectorates mucus and perhaps pus. Pneumonia a vial or bacterial infection of the lungs in which the bronchi and alveoli fill with thick fluid. Most often it is preceded by influenza high fever chills headache chest pain are all symptoms of this illness. Otitis media - an infection of the middle ear. This infection is considered here because it is a complication often seen in children who have a nasal infection. infection auditory tube from the nasopharynx to the middle ear. Pain is the primary symptom of a middle ear infection. A sense of fullness, hearing loss and vertigo and fever may be present. Antibiotics are prescribed as necessary. Tubes are somtimes placed in the eardrums of children to help prevent the build up of pressure in the middle ear and possibly hearing loss.
 * Part 1.** Describe structure and function of each of these terms (in great detail...read the pages in the book from 170 to 174) in this order (the pathway of air from the nasal cavities to the lungs). Inserting a picture of your respiratory system would be nice.
 * Part 2.** Describe the structure and function of alveoli in great detail. (Inserting a picture of an alveolus would be nice.)
 * Part 3.** (p. 178) Describe in great detail how Carbon Dioxide is carried in the blood and how Oxygen is carried in the blood.
 * Part 4.** Describe 4 respiratory disorders of your choice (in great detail