AP+HW+2.4,+2.5,+2.6

Read 2.4 Carbohydrates 2.5 Lipids 2.6 Proteins Answer the following questions... 1. What is the usual function of various carbohydrates in humans?
 * The Usual function of various carbs in humans is for quick and short-term energy

2. What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and a complex carbohydrate? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Simple Carbohydrate: Complex Carbohydrate:
 * Simple sugar
 * Pentose 5- carbon sugar
 * hexose 6- carboon sugar
 * Are starchy foods such as potatos, cake, and bread
 * polysaccharides that contain glucose units

3. What is starch? What is the source of starch?
 * Starch is a readily stored form of glucose in plants and animals

4. What is "fiber" and of what benefit is it in the diet?
 * Fiber are non digestible carbohydrates derived from plants
 * Fiber is removed from grains
 * Benifts of a hugh fiber diet is that it canhelp prenvet heart disease and cancer

5. Why does low-carb dieting work sometimes? But what are the risks?
 * It works sometimes but it doesnt work because with out carbs you wont have energy

6. What is the function of fats and oils? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Fats: Olis: 7. What are fats and oils composed of?
 * lard and butter
 * From aniamls and are solid are room temperature
 * FUNCTION
 * corn oil
 * liquid at room temperature
 * Fats are composed of butter and lard and oils are composed of plants

8. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Saturated Fat: Unsaturated Fat: 9. What are the uses of phospholipids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 10. What are the uses of steroids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 11. Why do we need fat in our diet? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 12. What are the major functions of proteins in organisms? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 13. What is the subunit of a protein? How do they get their name? 14. How does the shape of a protein relate to its function? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * no double bonds between carbon atoms
 * associated with cardiovascular disease that cause lipid material called plaque WHICH ONE
 * have double bonds in carbon chain where the hydrogens is less than two per carbon
 * monounsaturated
 * have a phosphate group that contains both phosphate and nitrogen
 * constructed like fats
 * form so-called polar head of the molecule
 * the rest of the body becomes the hydrophobic
 * they are lipids that have a different structure from fats. They have four fused carbon rings
 * they are made from cholesterol
 * because it gives out bodies energy
 * peanut butter is a good fat to eat
 * Support: such as nails,skin and hair
 * Enzymes: speed chemical reactions in cells and can function at body temperature
 * Transport: channel and carry proteins in plasma membrane. transport molecules in the blood of animals in red blood cells is a complex protein that transport oxygen.
 * Defense: antibodies form with antigens to prevent antigens from destroying cells and messing upsetting homeostasis
 * Hormones: regulatory proteins. They serve as intercullar messengers that influence metabolism. Regulates content of glucose in blood and in cells
 * Motion: contractile protein actin and myosin all parts of the cell to move and cause muscle contraction
 * Proteins are macromolecules with amino acid subunits.
 * The name comes from one of the groups, NH2 (amino group) and another group COOH (an acid group) The third group is the R group for amino acids
 * It undergoes irreversible change in shape called denaturation where the normal bonding between the R group that has been disturbed.
 * Example: is when addition of acid to milk causes curdling and that heating causes egg whites, which contain a protein to coagulate.