kindneys+tuff

The Kidney The Kidney 1. Describe the path of urine and the structure and function of each organ in this path. (detail). pp.188-189 the urinary system consists of kidneys urethras’, urinary bladder’s, and urethra’s. the kidneys are paired organs located near the small of the back on either side of the vertebral column. they lie in depressions beneath the peritoneum where they receive some protection from the lower rib cage. A sharp blow to the back can dislodge a kidney. The kidney is a bean shaped and reddish brown in color. The fist sized organ is covered by a tough capsule of fibrous connective tissue called renal capsule masses of adipose tissue adhere to each kidney the concave side of a kidney has a depression. The kidneys produce urine. They excrete metabolic waste mostly nitrogenous waste. The kidneys also maintain the proper water salt balance n the body. The kidneys maintain the acid base balance and secrete hormones. The ureters transport urine, they conduct urine from the kidneys to the bladder they are small muscular tubes The urinary bladder stores urine until it is expelled from the body. The bladdr has three openings two for ureters and one for the urethra. The urethra is a small tube that extends from the urinary bladder to an external opening.

2. Describe the four functions of the kidney and how they contribute to homeostasis (balance) (detail) p. 189 The kidneys produce urine. They excrete metabolic waste mostly nitrogenous waste. Urea is the primary nitrogenous end product of metabolism in human beings, creatinine, and uric acid. The kidneys also maintain the proper water salt balance in the blood. Salt valume is directly proportional to the blood volume in the body The kidneys maintain the acid base balance to keep a healthy level Secret hormones are secreted.

3. Trace the path of blood through the kidney. pp.191-192 renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, nephrons, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule

4. What microscopic structure is responsible for the production of urine in the kidney? p. 191 the nephrons

5. Describe the parts of the nephron (detail). pp.192-193 therethere are over one million mephrons in a kidney. They are sometimes called renal or kidney, tubules the nephrons produce urin and are positioned so that the urin flows into a collecting duct. Several nephrons enter the same collecting duck the collecting ducts eventually enter the renal pelvis. The parts are glomerular capsules proximal convoluted tubule, distal convoluted tubules, and collecting ducts, and the lopp of the nephron

6. What are the major processes of urine formation and how does the nephron carry out each process? p. 195 frist it forms a cup called the glomular capsule then it goes into the proximal convoluted tubule. There are micovilli then there is a loop called the loop of neprhon. The loops alow water to leave and in the ascending limb.

7. Explain how an artificial kidney cleanses the blood. p. 200 the persons blood goes through a machine it is run through a dialysate, the balances are adjusted and the blood is filtered

8. How do the kidneys assist other body systems? p. 201-202

cardiovascular system digestive system muscular system nervous system respiratory system endocyrine system integumentary system