JH+19.1


 * __Definitions__

Cancer -** Malignant tumor whose non differentiated cells exhibit loss contact inhibition, uncontrolled growth and ability to invade tissue and metastasize
 * Apoptosis -** a programed cell death
 * Telomeres -** special repetitive DNA sequences that cells end in
 * Carcingenesis -** the development of cancer in three stages: initiation, promotion, progression
 * Inititation -** a single cell undergoes a mutation that causes it to begin to divide repeatedly
 * Promotion -** a tumor develops, and the tumor cells continue to divide, as they divide they undergo mutations
 * Progression -** one cell undergoes a selective advantage over the other cells, this process is repeated and a cell invades surrounding tissue
 * Angiogenesis -** formation of new blood vessels
 * Metastasis -** is a process when cancer cells are formed in nearby lymph nodes and the cells begin new tumors far from the primary tumor
 * Proto-Oncogenes -** code for proteins that promote the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis
 * Tumor- Suppressor Genes -** code for proteins that inhabit the cell cycle and promote apoptosis
 * Oncogenes -** the cancer causing genes after proto-oncogenes occurs
 * Growth Factor -** is a signal that activates a cell signaling pathway, resulting in cell division
 * Oncology -** is the study of cancer
 * Oncologist -** medical specialist in cancer
 * Carcinomas -** cancers of epithelial tissues
 * Sarcomas: -** cancers that arise in muscles and connective tissue such as bone and fibrous connective tissue
 * Leukemias -** cancers of the blood
 * Lymphomas** - cancers of lymphatic tissue

__**Questions**__

Cancer cells are immortal and keep on dividing for an unlimited number of times unlike that of a normal cells which does it 60-70 times and then stops Stimulatory growth factors and inhibitory growth factors PROTO-ONCOGNES, TUMOR SUPRESSORS
 * 1. What characteristics of cancer cells allow them to grow uncontrollably?**
 * 2. Mutations in what two types of genes lead to uncontrollable growth?**
 * 3. What are the most common types of cancer?**
 * Male:** prostate, lung **Women**: Breast, lung