AP+Diabetes+HW

15.1 Endocrine Glands (p.296-297)
(1) What is a hormone? (insert an image too) A chemical made by glands in the body that circulate in the bloodstream and control the actions of certain cells or organs. Growth hormones stimulate the growth of the bones People are short because there wasnt enough blood to get to the growth hormone

(2) How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? different? Similar: Different
 * work together to regulate activities in other systems
 * both use chemical signals to respond to changes that threaten homeostasis
 * use negative feedback mechanism
 * Nervous System;
 * composed of neurons
 * Endocrine System:
 * made of mostly glands
 * the glands secrete hormones

15.5 Pancreas (p.308-310)
(3) Describe insulin secretion from the pancreas. Where is it produced? When is it secreted? From the pancreatic islet encourages the cells to absord the glucose. It is produced in the pancreatic islet.

(4) What is the role of insulin? Insulin is secreted when the blood glucoses level is high stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells such as the liver and muscle cells

(5) What is diabetes mellitus? a common hormone disease where liver cells and most body cells are unable to take up glucose. Cellular famine exists in the midst of plenty and a person can beomce very hungry, they urine alot and because they lose so much water they become really thirsty.

(6) How does a glucose tolerance test assist in the diagnosis of diabetes? A person is given 100 grams of glucose and if a person has diaetes the blood glucose level rises greatly and stays that way for several hours and the glucose will appear in the urine. If a person doesnt have diabetes the glucose level will rise and then return to normal after 2 hours.

(7) What causes diabetes type 1? In diabetes tyrpe one the pancreas is not producing insulin. it is expose to an environmental agent. A virus causes cytotoxic T cells to destroy the pancreatic islets. The body turns to the metablosim of fat and then ketnes start to build up in the blood.

(8) How is diabetes type 1 controlled? It can be controlled by having daily iinjections of insulin. Some Diabetics have insulin pumps.

(9) What causes diabetes type 2? It is often found in obese people where the insulin binds to the plasma membrane receptor adn the number of protein carriers of glucose increases and the more it goes into the cells. The cells are then insulin resistant.

(10) How is diabetes type 2 controlled? For diabees type 2 to be controlled the patient needs to go on a low-fat, low-sugar diet and exercise regularly.Or if that doesnt work they have to go on oral drugs that stimulate the pancreas to secret more insulin and ehance the metabolism of glucose in the liver and muscle cells.

(11) What are the symptoms of diabetes? persirpation, pale skin, shallow breathing and anxiety.