More+Cancer+WG

apoptosis: It is programmed cell death. Telomeres: They are chromosomes in human cells that end up with special repetitive DNA sequences. metastisis, tumor: It’s the spread of cancer from place origin throughout the body. proto-oncogenes: It’s a normal gene that can become an oncogene through mutation. oncogenes: It is cancer causing genes. growth factor: It is a chemical signal that regulates mitosis and differentiation of cells that have receptors for it. tumor suppressor gene: It is a gene that codes for a protein that ordinarily suppresses cell division. oncology: It is the study of cancer. carcinoma: It is a cancer arisingin epithelial tissue. sarcoma: Cancer that arises in muscles and connective tissue. leukemia: A cancer that has to do with blood. lymphoma: It is cancer of lymphatic tissue.

1. What do cancer cells look like? Cancer cells lack differentiation, they have abnorlam nuclei, and they have unlimited preplicative potential. 2. What is unusual about the nuclei of cancer cells? They are always lager than normal and will have an insignificant amount of chromosomes. 3. Why don't cancer cells die? Cancer cells don’t die because they are naturally abnormal cells, they just never stop dividing. 4. Describe the three phases of the development of cancer. Initiation: A single cell undergoes a mutation that causes it to repeatedly divide. Promotion: A tumor developes, and the cells continue to divide, and as they divide they undergo mutations. Progression: a cell goes through mutation that gives it an advantage over other cells, and eventually ther is a cell that has the ability to invade sorruonding tissue. 5. Mutations in what two types of genes lead to uncontrollable growth? Proto-oncogenes, and tumor-suppresor genes. 6. What is p53? How does it cause cancer? It is a transcription activator intrumental in stopping the cell cycle and activating repair enzymes. 7. What is RB? How does it cause cancer? Also known as retinoblastoma protein, and it controls the activity of a transcription activator for cyclin D and other genes. It causes cancer because there is too much active cyclin D in the cell. 8. What are the most common cancers cases for males and females? For males the most common is prostate cancer, then second is lung cancer, then third is colon cancer. In women the most common is breast cancer, then second is lung cancer, and third is colon cancer. 9. What are the most common cancer deaths for males and females? The most common deaths in men are sue to lung canger, then second is prostate cancer, then third id colon cancer. For women the most common is lung cancer, then second is breast cancer, then third is colon cancer.