stomach+hw+dw

stomach hw dw. 8.3 Stomach to Small Intestine stomach- a thick walled, j-shaped organ that lies on the left side of the body beneath the diaphram. Rugae-are deep folds within the stomach that are covers as the stomach fills gastric glands- They produe gastrics juice pepsin- An enzyme that is produced by the gastric glands small intestine- Long tubelike chamber of the digestive tract between the stomach and large intestine. Duodenum-First part of the small intestine where chyme enters from the stomach Bile-Secretion of the liver that is temporarily stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine, where it emulses fat. Lipase-hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids. Villus- The mucosa of the small intestine the germ like rojections id the villi Lacteal- A villus contains blood capillaries and a small lymphatic capillary. lactose intolerance- people who do not have the brsh border enzyme called lactase cannot digest lactose.

(1) What are the functions of the stomach? Muscularis, circular and longitudinal, oblique, Smooth muscle (2) What are the structures of the stomach that perform these functions and describe their role. (3) What are the functions of the small intestine? Duodenum Bile and lipase (4) What are the structures of the small intestine that perform these functions and describe their role? Duodenum- it’s the first 2m cm of the small intestine. Bile- it emulsifies fat, which causes fat droplets to disperse away in water. Lipase- it hydrolyzed to bile to gyclerol and fatty acids, which is present in pancreatic juice.

8.4 Three Accessory Organs and Regulation of Secretions pancreas- a fish shaped, spongy, grayish pink organ that stretches across the back of the abdomen behind the stomach. pancreatic amylase-digests starch trypsin- digests protein lipase-digests fat hormone-a substance produced by one set of cells that affects a different set of cells, the so-called target cells. Liver-the largest and major metabolic gland in the body, lies mainly in the upper-right section of the abdominal cavity. The liver receives blood via the hepatic portal vein from the capillaries of the lobules. “acts as the sewage treatment when it removes poisons substances from the blood and detoxifies them, while blood courses through the lobules. Bile-It comes from cholesterol and has a yellowish green color because t also contains bilirubin, derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin, another function of the liver. Gallbladder- a pear shaped organ just below the liver.

(5) What are the three main accessory organs that assist with the digestive process? Describe how each contributes to the digestion of food. The three main accessories of the digestive process are the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. The pancreas contains pancreatic juice which in turn creates sodium bicarbonate. Sodium bicarbonate is needed because it neutralizes acid chyme from the stomach. The liver is also needed because it rids the body of toxins that come through the blood. The liver is also a storage organ, because it removes iron from essential vitamins. It also holds glycogen and glucose and breaks it down between eating periods. It also controls the quantity of cholesterol with the plasma proteins. The final part of the three part harmony is the Gallbladder. The gallbladder is the stores bile. (6) How are digestive secretions regulated in the body? The secretions of the digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system and by digestive hormones.

8.5 The Large Intestine and Defecation large intestine- it includes the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anal colan. The large intestine is larger in diameter than the small intestine, but is shorter in length. Cecum- small pouch that lies below the entrance of the small intestine and is the blind end of the large intestine. vermiform appendix- it is the small end of the cecum and is plays a major role in fighting infections. When the appendix becomes infected it becomes known as appendicitis. Colon-includes the ascending colon, which goes up the right side of the body to the level of the liver; the transverse colon, which crosses the abdominal cavity just below the liver and the stomach.

(7) What are the different parts of the large intestine? The cecum, the vermiform appendix, and colon are the three different parts of the large intestine. (8) What is the function of the large intestine? The large intestines absorb water, which prevents dehydration. It does not however create digestive enzymes or absorb any nutrients. It contains many forms of bacteria, and forms feces. It controls defecation, which is the expulsion of feces. It also contains a high percentage of fiber, because fiber is indigestible.