Emma-Book+Questions

3.1 What is a cell? 6.3 White Blood cells and Defense against disease 18.1 Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle.

1. What does the cell theory state? -a cell is the basic unit of life 2.Why are cells so tiny? - The reason cells are so tiny is explained in the area to volume ratio of cells. Nutrients enter a cell, and wastes exit a cell at its surface; therefore, the greater the amount of surface, the greater ability to get materials in and out of the cell. Yet, as cells get larger in volume, the proportionate amount of surface area actually decreases. 3.How do the light microscope and electron microscopes differ from one another? -The magnification produced by a transmission electron microscope is much higher than that of a light microscope. Also, the ability of this microscope to make out detail in enlarged images is much greater. The light microscope has the ability to view living specimens--this is not true of the electron microscope.
 * 3.1 What is a Cell**

1. What are the different types of white blood cells? -There are granular leukocytes and the agranular leukocytes because some have noticable granules and some do not hvae noticable granules 2. What is the structure and funcion of each type of white blood cell? -Granular Leukocytes-account for 70% of all white blood cells have a multilobal nucleus. Neutrophils are the first responder to bacterial infection. They are liek vacuum cleaners because they suck up unwanted substances -Angranular Leukocytes-consists of Lymphocytes and monocytes they do not have grules and have nonbular nuclei. Lymphocytes are responsible for specefic immunity to particular pathogens and their toxins (poisenous substances). B Cells - protect us by producing antibodies and T cells- directly destroy pathogens 3. Name and Describe three disorders of white blood cells -Severe combined immunodeficiency diseae (SCID)- when the stem cells of white blood cells lack an enzyme called adenosine deaminase -Leukemia- uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation - Infectious mononucleosis- infection of lymphocytes 1. What are the three stages of interphase? - G1- a cell doubles its organelles and it accumulates the materials needed for DNA synthesis -S stage- DNa replication occurs a copy is made of all the DNA in the cell -G2 Stage- the cell synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division 2. How does interphase prepare a cell for cell division? -During Interphase the cells get ready to divide; it grows larger, the number of organelles doubles, and the amount of chromatin doubles as DNA synthesis occurs.
 * 6.3 White Blood Cells and Defense against Disease**
 * 18.1 chromosome and the Cell Cycle**