diabetes+homework+EAT

(1) What is a hormone? (insert an image too)
 * 15.1 Endocrine Glands (p.296-297)**
 * a hormone is a chemical messenger that carries information from cell to cell (or groups of cells)
 * all multicellular organisms have and produce hormones

(2) How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? different? (3) Describe insulin secretion from the pancreas. Where is it produced? When is it secreted? (4) What is the role of insulin? (5) What is diabetes mellitus? (6) How does a glucose tolerance test assist in the diagnosis of diabetes? (7) What causes diabetes type 1? (8) How is diabetes type 1 controlled? (9) What causes diabetes type 2? (10) How is diabetes type 2 controlled? (11) What are the symptoms of diabetes?
 * the nervous system helps the coordination of muscle movement, monitors the organs, makes and stops the input from the senses, and initiates movement. The parts of the nervous system are: Neurons and Nerves... which are involved in coordination. all parts of the nervous system are made of nervous tissue. this is a system made up of sensory receptors that detect the changes in the internal and external environment of the body.
 * the endocrine system is made of glands. the glands release hormones that travel in the blood to the designated cells in the body. it is used to regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue function, and also effects the mood. the endocrine system uses blood to carry the signals... not nerves.
 * the nervous system and the endocrine system work together to help regulate the activity of the other organ systems of the body. they both suse chemicals to signal changes that could threaten the homeostasis... but they have different ways of sending the signals.
 * 15.5 Pancreas (p.308-310)**
 * the pancreatic islets produce and secrete the insulin... it is put directly in the blood from the pancreas. insulin is secreted when the glucose level in the blood is too high or becoming too high (usually after eating).
 * insulin regulates the cells intake of glucose... mostly the liver, muscle cells, and adipose tissue cells.
 * a hormonal disease where the liver cells and most of the other cells in the body are unable to absorb glucose the proper way. the cells then begin to starve... causing the person to be really hungry. when the glucose level starts to rise... glucose and water exits the body through the urine. people with diabetes urinate frequently and are really thirsty.
 * the patient is given 100g of glucose the blood glucose level is then measured in intervals. tif you have diabetes the blod glucose level raises and remains high for several hours. glucose also appears in the urine. in a non diabetic the blood glucose level raises a little and then returns to normal after two hours.
 * in type 1 the pancreases is unable to make the right amount of insulin. it is thought to be started by exposure to an environmental agent... usually a virus... who makes cytotoxic T cells and destroys the pancreatic islets. it results with the destruction of insulin making cells in the pancreas and in turn the pancreas has beta cells.
 * they take daily shots of insulin. they take glucose tablets when the blood sugar is low and insulin when the blood sugar is too high.
 * a lot of time the patient is obese... the number of protein carriers for glucose increases... and therefore more glucose than normal enters the blood. the number of receptors stays the same while the number of carriers increases... and the cell becomes insulin resistant.
 * type 2 diabetes is control by a low-fat, low-sugar diet and exercising on a regular basis. oral drugs that helps the pancreas to secrete insulin and enhance the metabolism of the glucose thats in the liver.
 * frequent urination, high level of glucose in the blood, and high levels of glucose in urine.