Drew's+kidney+hw

The Kidney 1. Describe the path of urine and the structure and function of each organ in this path. (detail). pp.188-189 Kidney-paired organs located near the vertebral column Ureters-Conducts urine from kidney to bladder Urinary bladder-stores urine until expelled Urethra-small tube that extends from urinary bladder to external opening

2. Describe the four functions of the kidney and how they contribute to homeostasis (balance) (detail) p. 189 Excretion of Metabolic waste-they excrete nitrogenous waste Maintenance of Water-Salt Balance-they regulate blood pressure Maintenance of Acid-Base Balance-Monitor and control blood pH at 7.4 Secretion of Hormones-they release renin

3. Trace the path of blood through the kidney. pp.191-192 Renal cortex-outer, granulated layer that dips down between inner layer Renal Medulla-consists of cone shaped tissue called renal pyramids Renal pelvis-continous with the ureter

4. What microscopic structure is responsible for the production of urine in the kidney? p. 191 Nephrons

5. Describe the parts of the nephron (detail). pp.192-193 Glomerular capsule-allows easy passage of small molecules from the glomerulus to the inside of the glomerular capsule Proximal convoluted tubule-used as a brush border that increases the surface area for the tubular reabsorption of filtrate components Loop of the nephron-facilitates the reabsorption of water by the nephron and collecting duct. Distal convoluted tubule-move molecules from the blood into the tubule Collecting ducts-carry urine to the renal pelvis

6. What are the major processes of urine formation and how does the nephron carry out each process? p. 195 Glomerular filtration Tubular reabsorption Tubular secretion

7. Explain how an artificial kidney cleanses the blood. p. 200 As the patient’s blood is pumped through dialysis tubing, it is exposed to a dialysate.

8. How do the kidneys assist other body systems? p. 201-202 The kidneys take the waste away from the liver and away from the body.