Reproductive+System+Podcast-+In+vitro+fertilization+DB

In vitro Fertilization - Egg cells are fertlized by sperm outside of the uterus of the woman, invitro - Four Part Process -1. Hormonally controlling the ovulatory process with "fertility drugs" - 10 days of hormone injections started on the third day of menstruation - Injectable gonadotropins (FSH analogues) used to stimulate the growth of follicles of the ovaries - Five medications usually given: - Lupron- blocks secretions of pituitary gland - FSH- follicle stimulating hormone - Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) mimics the hormone that usually induces ovulation - Progesterone- enables uterus to support pregnancy - Serophene- promotes egg development -2. Removing ova or eggs from the woman- immature eggs recieved with a needle and brought to maturity in glassware -3. Allowing sperm to fertilize the eggs in a fluid medium- nutrient mixture that acts as substitute environment of fallopian tubes -4. Transferring fertilized egg to patient's uterus to establish pregnancy- eggs are put in as "pre cleaving embryos", a special catheter is used to inect the pre-embryos into the vagina

History - "In vitro" comes from Latin root meaning "in glass" because early experi- ments involving cultivating tissues outside of the organism were done in beakers, test tubes, or petri dishes - Today "In vitro" means any procedure performed outside of the organism - "In vivo" is when the procedure takes place IN the organism - Babies born as a result of IVF are known as "Test tube babies" and the first was born in 1978 in Manchester, England despite controversy over the safety and morality of the procedure - The first birth via IVF in the U.S. was the birth of Elizabeth Jordan Carr in 1981 in Norfolk, Virginia - Now an estimated 1% of all births are conceived following IVF and 115,000 babies have been born this way in the U.S. - Success rate in some centers has jumped from 0 to 1 to 4 in 6

Needs for In Vitro/ Chance for Success - Procedure takes about three weeks, pregnancy can be confirmed 13 days after egg aspiration or by ultrasound, 30 to 40 days after aspiration - It was initially developed to overcome problems with the fallopian tube but is now used for all types of infertility problems - For pregnancy to occur it requires: 1. healthy ova (eggs)-- ultrasound can spot healthy immature eggs 2. sperm that can fertilize 3. a uterus that can maintain a pregnancy - Chance of succes varies from case to case and depends on varibles such as: - age and reproductive health of both wife and husband

Side Effects - Noted possibility of multiple births - 25% of IVF births are twins - Triplets are seen in 2-3% of pregnancies - No evidence to suggest birth defects or damage to ovaries

Sources- - Human Biology Book by Sylvia S. Mader - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro. (Wikipedia.com) - [|In Vitro Fertilization] ([|http://www.ivf.com/)]

In Vitro Fertilization script

Hello. Today I'm going to tell you about In Vitro Fertlization. This method, initially used to overcome infertlity problems due to the fallopian tubes, is now used for all types of infertility problems. The procedure takes about three weeks, and pregnancy can be confirmed about 13 days afterwards.

In IVF, eggs cells are fertilized by sperm outside of ther uterus of the woman, in vitro. "In vitro" comes from the Latin root meaning "in glass" because early experiment involving cultivating tissues outside of the organism were done in beakers, test tubes, and petri dishes. This is why babies born In Vitro are sometimes referred to as test tube babies.

Today, the process can be broken into four parts. - The first of which is controlling the woman's ovulatory process with "fertility drugs." This entails ten days of hormone injections started on the third day of ovulation to stimulate the follicles of the ovaries and get the uterus ready for pregnancy. - The second part of In Vitro Fertilization is removal of ova or eggs from the woman. Immature eggs are received with a needle and put into glassware. - The third part is to allow the sperm to fertilize the eggs in a nutrient mixture that mimics the environment of the fallopian tubes. - Lastly, the fertilized eggs are transferred back into the woman's uterus to establish pregnancy.

This process was first successfully tried in Manchester, England in 1978. In first used in the U.S. in 1981. Today however, it is believed that about 1% of all births are born via In Vitro, and the rate of conceiving has jumped to 4 out of 6 in some clinics around the world.

There are no known side effects to In Vitro besides the possibility of multiple births. As many as 25 % of IVF births are twins and 2-3% are triplets.

The End.

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