Ma+Diabetes+HW

(**1**) Describe insulin secretion from the pancreas. Where is it produced? When is it secreted? (2) What is the role of insulin? (3) What is diabetes mellitus? (4) How does a glucose tolerance test assist in the diagnosis of diabetes? (5) What causes diabetes type 1? (6) How is diabetes type 1 controlled? (7) What causes diabetes type 2? (8) How is diabetes type 2 controlled? (9) What are the symptoms of diabetes?
 * Insulin is secreted when the blood glucose level is high, which usually occurs just after eating. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells espcially liver cells, muscle cells, and dipose tissue cells.
 * In liver and muscle cells insulin is stored as glycogen. In muscl cells the glucose supplies energy for muscle contraction, and in fat cells, glucose enters the metabolic pool and thereby supplies glycerol for the formation of fat. Insulin lowers the blood glucose level.
 * Diabetes mellitus is a fairly common disease in which liver cells and other cells are unable to take up glucose as they should.
 * After a patient is given 100 grams of glucose, the blood glucose level rises greatly and remains elevated for several hours. In the meantime, glucose appears in the urine, In a nondiabetic, the blood glucose level rises somewhat and then returns to normal after about two hours.
 * The pancreas fails to secrete insulin.
 * This can occur after a child has a virus and their immune system continues to kill cells after the virus and kills cells from the pancreas
 * Insulin injections
 * Should eat complex carbohydrates....no junk food like potato chips
 * exercise
 * The pancreas fails to secrete enough insulin and the cells are resistant to insulin. Receptors do not bind to insulin properly and the the plasma membrane does not have enough carrier proteins to transport glucose into the cell.
 * Can be caused by excessive food intake leading to obesity, espcially fat located in the abdominal region, and physical inactivity
 * A lot of patients are given metformin, a medication that makes cells more likely to respond to the presence of insulin
 * Should eat complex carbohydrates....no junk food like potato chips
 * exercise
 * Frequent urination, especially at night
 * Unusual hunger and or thirst
 * Unexplained change in weight
 * Blurred vision
 * Sores that do not heal
 * excessive fatigue