JH+vaccine+HW

7.4 Specific Defenses (pp.130-131) __//specific defense//__ - Specific defenses overcome an infection by doing away with with the particular disease-causing agent that entered the body. specific defense also defends us against cancer __//antigen//__ - specific defense respond to antigens, which are molecules the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body. antigens are typically large molecules such as proteins //__special B cells called plasma cells__// - they circulate in the blood and lymph, and they are larger than regular b cells because they have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum //__antibody__// - a protein produced in response to to the presence of an antibody, each antibody combines with a specific antigen __//antibody mediated immunity//__ - defense by B cells is called antibody mediated immunity because activated B cells become plasma cells that produce antibodies
 * Define and describe:**

7.5 Acquired Immunity (pp.136-137) __//active immunity//__ - the individual alone produces antibodies against an antigen //__passive immunity__// - the individual is given prepared antibodies via an injection //__vaccine__// - Substances that contain an antigen to which the immune system responds //__antibody titer__// - After a vaccine is given, it is possible to follow an immune response by determining the amount of antibody present in a sample of plasma //__How was the hepatitis B vaccine prepared? (p.136)__// by genetically engineering bacteria to mass produce a protein from pathogens //__How could a vaccine be a contraceptive (form of birth control)? (p.332)__// - the vaccine is intended immunize a woman against HCG (the hormone necessary to maintaining the implantation of the embryo
 * Define and describe** :

//__How could a vaccine help fight cancer?__ (p.416)// - a vaccine called Melacine, which contains broken melanoma cells from two different sources is under investigation against melanoma //__Is an AIDS vaccine possible? (p.351) -__// it might be possible because there are alot of other viruses that have vaccines why not AIDS //__Describe "setback" number 2.__// - there are several different mutations of the AIDS virus so doctors are wondering if they will have to make a new vaccine for each subtype or will one cover everything. //__Describe setback number 3__//.the vaccine may be affective for a short period of time but will it work long term or will they have to continue to get booster shot like that of the flu shot.