Chromosome+hw-+kat

=Chromosomes=

Changes in Chromosome Number
Vocab:
 * nondisjunction**: both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, or when the sister chromatids fail to separate.
 * trisomy**: one type of chromosomes with three copies.
 * monosomy**: one type of chromosomes is present in a single copy.
 * Barr body**: one of the X chromosomes becomes a darkly staining mass of chromatid.
 * Down Syndrome**: trisomy 21 chromosomes.
 * Turner Syndrome**: zygote with one X chromosome.
 * Klinefelter Syndrome**: XXY chromosome.
 * Poly-X Females**: two X chromosomes and extra Barr bodies in the nucleus.
 * Jacobs Syndrome**: two Y chromosomes and one X chromosome.

What are the two types of chromosomes and how many of each do we have in every cell? The two types of chromosomes are X and Y. In every cell, a female has an XX and a male has an XY.

Describe process that can change the normal number of chromosomes in a cell? Nondisjunction can change the normal number of chromosomes in a cell due to when the homologous pair go into the same daughter cell.

Name chromosome disorders due to an abnormal number of autosomal chromosomes. Down Syndrome.

Name chromosome disorders due to an abnormal number of sex chromosomes. Klinefelter Syndrome and Turner Syndrome.



Changes in Chromosome Structure
Vocab:
 * Deletion**: end of a chromosome breaks off or two breaks of a chromosome leads to a segment.
 * Duplication**: a chromosomal segment found multiple times in the same chromosome
 * Inversion**: a segment of a chromosome is turned 180 degrees
 * Translocation**: movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another
 * Williams syndrome:** chromosome 7 loses a small piece
 * Crit du Chat syndrome:** chromosome 5 loses a small piece
 * Alagille syndrome:** deletion of chromosome 20
 * Chronic myelogenous leukemia:** translocation from part of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9
 * Burkett lymphoma:** translocation from part of chromosome 8 to chromosome 14

Name chromosome deletion syndromes. Alagille Syndrome

Name chromosome translocation syndromes. Chronic myelogenous Leukemia and Burkett Lymphoma.