Read+2.4+Carbohydrates+2.5+Lipids+2.6+Proteins

Read 2.4 Carbohydrates 2.5 Lipids 2.6 Proteins Answer the following questions... 1. What is the usual function of various carbohydrates in humans? Carbohydrates usually function for quick and short term energy storage.

2. What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and a complex carbohydrate? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Simple carbohydrates have between 3 to 7 carbon atoms, glucose is a an example of a hexose and written as C6H12O6. Complex carbohydrates contain many glucose units; some starch molecules can have more than four thousand glucose units.

3. What is starch? What is the source of starch? Starch are stored forms of glucose in plants and animals. JUST PLANTS Some sources of starch are four, FLOUR potatoes, bread, and cake.

4. What is "fiber" and of what benefit is it in the diet? Fiber is cellulose passing through the digestive tract. Countries with diets consisting of mostly high-fiber carbohydrates have low incidence of heart disease and cancer.

5. Why does low-carb dieting work sometimes? But what are the risks? Because the body does not take in foods that are high in starch, this is risky because high fiber diets reduce risk of heart disease and cancer.

6. What is the function of fats and oils? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Lipids, such as fats and oils function as long term energy storage, insulation, and organ protection. For example body fat around the torso provides a cushioned protection for the major internal organs such as the liver and intestines.

7. What are fats and oils composed of? Fats and oils are composed of one glycerol molecule and 3 fatty acid molecules.

8. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES In unsaturated fatty acids when the number of H is less than 2 per C there are double bonds in the C-chain. Conversely saturated fats have no double bonds between C atoms. Oils have double bonds between the C atoms creating a bend in the fatty acid chain and are considered unsaturated fatty acids. Saturated fats are usually solids, like butter because there are no double bonds. Another difference is that unsaturated oils can be protective against cardiovascular disease, while saturated fats tend to be associated with the cause.

9. What are the uses of phospholipids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Phospholipids are constructed like fats, but instead of having a third fatty acid there is a polar phosphate group(ing) containing both phosphate and nitrogen. Unlike fats phospholipids are not electrically neutral (it is polar). They are the primary component of cellular membranes. A phospholipids has a polar head and a nonpolar hydrophobic tail.

10. What are the uses of steroids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Steroids, testosterone and estrogen, are most commonly used to build muscle strength. Their function differs in backbone of carbon they are attached to. Estrogen is made of four rings with a back bone of CH3 and two attached OH molecules.

11. Why do we need fat in our diet? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES We need fat in our diets to maintain a healthy lifestyle, but fats should be monitored for type and amount in order to remain healthy.

12. What are the major functions of proteins in organisms? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * Support ie. skin - structural proteins
 * Enzymes - speed up chemical reactions in cells
 * Transport - allow substances to enter and exit cells
 * Defense - antibodies are proteins
 * Hormones (intercellular messengers) - regulatory proteins
 * Motion - allow parts of cells to move and cause muscles to contract - contractile proteins

13. What is the subu