Diabetes+-+RJ

(2) What is the role of insulin? (3) What is **diabetes mellitus**? (4) How does a glucose tolerance test assist in the diagnosis of diabetes? (5) What causes diabetes type 1? (6) How is diabetes type 1 controlled? (7) What causes diabetes type 2? (8) How is diabetes type 2 controlled? (9) What are the symptoms of diabetes?
 * 1**) Describe insulin secretion from the pancreas. Where is it produced? When is it secreted?
 * **after eating the pancreas secretes insulin into the blood**
 * **Insulin is produced in a tissue called** **pancreatic islets**
 * **it is secreted when the blood glucose/sugar level is high and it is usually high after eating**
 * **the role of insulin is stimulate the uptake of glucose by cells (liver cells, muscle cells, and adipose tissue cells)**
 * **a common hormonal disease in which liver cells and most body cells are unable to take up glucose as they should**
 * **the patient is given 100g of glucose and the blood glucose concentration is measured at intervals. If the person is diabetic the blood glucose level will rise and stay elevated for several hours and the glucose appears in the urine.**
 * **If the person wasn't diabetic the blood glucose level would rise a bit and then return to normal after around 2 hours**
 * **When the pancreas does not produce insulin**
 * **The person must have daily insulin injections which control the diabetic symptoms but causes the blood sugar level to swing between** **hypoglycemia (low blood glucose level) and** **hyperglycemia (high blood glucose level)**
 * **When the insulin binds to a plasma membrane receptor and the number of protein carriers for glucose increases and more glucose enters the cell. The glucose binds to the receptor but the number of carries does not increase and the cell is insulin resistant**
 * **sticking to a low-fat, low-sugar diet, and exercising often**
 * **Or an oral drug that stimulates the pancrease to secrete more insulin and enhance the metabolism of glucose in the liver and muscle cells that are available**
 * **Frequent urination at night**
 * **unusual hunger and/or thirst**
 * **unexplained change in weight**
 * **blurred vision**
 * **Sores that do not heal**
 * **Excessive fatigue**