Cancer+Book+Questions

3.1 What is a cell?

1. What does the cell theory state? The cell theory states that a cell is the basic unit of life.

2. Why are cells so tiny? Cells are so small because cells make up all human things. There is no smaller unit of life that is able to reproduce, respond to stimuli, remain homeostatic, grow and develop, take in and use materials from the environment, and become adapted to the environment.

3. How do the light microscope and electron microscopes differ from one another? The magnification produced by a transmission electron microscope is much higher than that of a light microscope. Also, the ability of this microscope to make out detail in enlarged images is much greater.

6.3 White Blood Cells and Defense Against Disease

1. What are the different types of white blood cells? There are granular and agranular leukocytes. Granular leukocytes: • Eosinophilis • Basophillis Agraunlar Leukocytes: • Lymphocytes • Monocytes

2. What is the structure and function of each type of white blood cell? White blood cells are classified into the granular leukocytes and agrnular leukocytes because some have noticeable granules and some do not have such noticeable granules. The granules, like lysosomes, contain various enzymes and protein. The help white blood cells defend against diseases.

3. Name and describe three disorders of white blood cells. 1. Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Disease: when the stem cells of white blood cells lack an enzyme called adenosine deaminase. Without this enzyme, the body cannot fight infections of any sort. 2. Leukemia: means “white blood” and refers to group of cancerous conditions that involve uncontrolled white blood cell proliferation. 3. Infectious Mononucleosis: it’s called infectious mononucleosis because lymphocytes are mononuclear.

18.1 Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle

1. What are the three stages of interphase?

G1 Stage: A cell doubles (e.g., mitochondria and ribosomes), and it accumulates the materials need for DNA synthesis. Also, various proteins are needed to change chromatin into chromosomes that are visible under the microscope when stained. A chromosome contains both proteins called histones and DNA.

S Stage: DNA replication occurs; a copy is made of all the DNA in the cell. Because the DNA replication occurs each chromosome consists of two identical DNA double helix molecules. These molecules occur in the strands called sister chromatids. Another way of expressing these events is to say that DNA replication has resulted in duplicated chromosomes.

G2 Stage: The cell synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division, such as the protein found in microtubules. The role of microtubules in cell division is described in a later section.

2. How does interphase prepare a cell for cell division? Because in the three stages of interphase, the cell goes through duplication and replication, so it is ready to be divided during the phases of mitosis and cytokinesis and apoptosis.