Miscellaneous+Reproduction+Topics+JO


 * Miscellaneous Reproduction Topics**

In Vitro fertilization: conception occurring in lab vs. in the body "test tube baby"... process of using ultrasounds to guide a needle to collect immature eggs. the eggs are then brought to maturity in glassware and then fertilized with frozen sperm. 2-4 days later it is ready to be transfered to woman's uterus during secretion part of the cycle. (Treating infertility)
 * (1) What does IVF stand for? What does it treat? How does the doctor get the eggs? Where are the embryo’s made and when are they implanted? Where are they implanted? (p.334)**

the frozen embryos can be saved for another surrogate or used for stem cell research. A treatment to infertility.
 * (2) Embryos that are not implanted are frozen? What can happen to frozen embryos? (p.335)**

When the egg implants in the oviduct. wont be successful because the oviduct cannot support the egg.
 * (3) What is an ectopic pregnancy? (p. 357)**

donors DNA from nucleus extracted egg is removed from female and nucleus from egg is removed fuse of egg and new DNA electric shock triggers cell divisions embryo begins to develop in vitro implanted into surrogate mother.
 * (4) Briefly describe how cloning is done. (p. 362)**

clone can grow abnormally large which can lead to ripping of the uterus. spontaneous abort of pregnancy. of those born most have servere abnormalities (malfunctioned livers, abnormal blood vessels and heart problems, underdeveloped lungs, diabetes, immune system deficiencies. cow clones had head deformations (none survived for long) live only about half a normal life span.
 * (5) What are some the problems that have developed in cloned animals? (p. 362)**

reproductive is the success of a clone therapeutic is the success of a clone only to the embryonic level so it can be coaxed into becoming various other types of cells.
 * (6) What is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning? What are the pros and cons of each. (p. 362)**

the sex is decided at the moment of fertilization. at 6 weeks it will either form testes or ovaries.
 * (7) When can you tell if an embryo is a boy or girl? (p. 364)**

Ambiguous Sex Determination: Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome and Male Pseudohermaphroditism AIS:three hormones produced by testes are present but plasma membrane receptors for testosterone are ineffective. external genitalia develop as female. testes stay in body and the person develops secondary sex characteristics of female (failure to menstruate) MP: a person containing both ovarian and testicular tissue. 1% of population is estimated to have this. has testes but appears to be normal female. testosterone kinks in and clit. becomes enlarged and becomes penis like, voice deepens, and muscles enlarge. no breast developments and no period
 * (8) Describe two causes of cases where a person is XY (male) but looks and acts female. (p. 365)**

it is having both ovarian and testicular tissue
 * (9) What is true hermaphroditism? (p. 365)**

afterbirth is delivered. approx. 15 min after delivery. after birth consists of the placenta.
 * (10) What is stage 3 of birth? What happens? (p. 369)**