Cancer+QUestions+PKAY


 * Cancer Questions by Patricia Kelley**

Define....



telomeres: the very end tip of a chromosome metastisis: spread of cancer from the place of the origin throughout the body, caused by the abilit of cancer cells to migrate and invade the tissues tumor: cells derived from a single mutated cell that cannot stop multiplying proto-oncogenes: normal gene that has the possibility of becoming an oncogene though mutation oncogenes: the gene that causes cancer growth factor: chemical signal that regulates mitosis tumor suppressor gene: the gene that ordinarily supresses mutated cell growth oncology: the study of cancer carcinoma: cancer rising in the epithelial tissue sarcoma: cancer that arises in the connective and muscle tissue leukemia: cancer of the blod which leads to the overproduction of abnormal whie blood cells lymphoma: cancer of the lymphatic tissue**
 * apoptosis: the death of a cell

What do cancer cells look like? - The cancer cell looks abnormal in comparison to fellow cell

What is unusual about the nuclei of cancer cells? - The nuclei is enlarged and has an abnormal number of chromosomes

Why don't cancer cells die? - Cancer cells have a genetic mutation where they cannot perfom apoptosis



Describe the three phases of the development of cancer cells.
 * 1) Initiation: when a single cell undergoes a mutation and begins to divide rapidl
 * 2) Promotion: tumor develops,the cells continue to multiply, more mutations occur
 * 3) Progression: one cell undergoes a certain mutation that allows it to spread to other tissues

What mutations lead to uncontollable growth? 1. Proto-oncogenes: pomotes cell growth and blocks apoptosis. 2. Tumor-supressor genes: inhibits cell cycles and promotes apoptosis.

What is p53? How does it cause cancer? - P53 is a protein that inhibits the cell cycle and activates repair enzymes. It causes cancer through never having enough available if a proto-oncogene becomes and oncogene



What is RB? How does it cause cancer? - RB promotes entry into the S cycle of the cell. It causes cancer though promoting mutated cells to perform mitosis faster.

What are the most common cancer for males and females? - Males: prostate - Females: breast cancer

WHat are the most common cancer deaths for males and females? - The most common cancer deaths are both from lung cancer.