AP+HW+Cells


 * 3.1 What is a cell?**

The cell is the basic unit of life. All living things are made up of cells. New cells come from existing cells.
 * 1. What does the cell theory state?**

Cells are so small because the larger they are the harder it is to get info in and out of the cell. When the cell is smaller it is easier for nutrients to go though the cell.
 * 2. Why are cells so tiny?**

A light microscope uses a set of glass lenses and light rays pass though the object to magnify it. It can be seen with the human eye when you use a light microscope. It views living specimens A electron microscope provides a 3D view of the surface of an object.
 * 3. How do the light microscope and electron microscopes differ from each other?**


 * 6.3 White Blood cells and Defense against disease

1. What are the different types of white blood cells?** Granular Leukocytes and Agranular Leukocytes.

Granular Leukocytes include neutrophils, eosinophils and basophils. Neutrophils are the most abundant of the white blood cells. They respond 1st to the infection. Eosinophils increase the number in the event of a parasitic worm infection or an allergic reaction. Basophils are mast mast cells that relsease histamine associcated with allergic reactions.
 * 2. What is the structure and function of each type of white blood cells?**

Agranular Leukocytes include lymphocytes and the monocytes. Lymphocytes are 25-25 percent of all white blood cells. They respond to specific poisoneous substances. They have a part B cells and T cells. B cells protect our bodies from producing antibodies, they combined with target pathgoens and mark them for destruction.T cells directly destroy pathogens. Monocytes are the largest white blood cells and stimulate other white blood cells.

Severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Leukemia, and Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) are three disorders of white blood cells. SCID is when the stem of white blood cells lack an enzyme and with out that enzyme the body can not fight an infection of any sort. About 100 kids are born with this disease. There are two ways to treat it, one is to get injections with the missing enzyme repeatedly and the other way is to use gene therapy. Leukemia is due to uncontrolled white blood cell growth. Most of the white blood cells are abnormal or immature. Each leukemia is named for the white blood cell that is dividing out of control. EVB is the cause of infectious mononucleosis and is on the of most common human virus. It is part of the herpes family. The symptoms of EVB are sore throat, fever, and swollen lymph glands. This disease can be treated but once the symptoms are gone some of the disease is left in the white blood cells and will be there forever.
 * 3. Name and describe the 3 disorders of white blood cells.**


 * 18.1 Chromosomes and the Cell Cycle.

1. What are the three stages of interphase?** The first stage, G1 occurs before DNA synthesis, it doubles its organelles and gets the material needed for DNA synthesis. The second stage S is when the DNA replicates. A copy is made of all the DNA in the cells. The third stage G2 is when the cell synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division.

Interphase prepares a cell for cell division because it gets the cell ready to divide. It also gets the cells ready so they can have more cells to divide. BUT HOW DOES THIS PHASE PREPARE THE CELL FOR CELL DIVISION?
 * 2. How does interphase prepare a cell of cell division?**