Lucy+The+brain

The Brain Homework (using the book) p.256 to 261.

Outline the parts and function of the four major parts of the brain: (1) cerebrum: (2) diencephalon: (3) cerebellum: (4) brain stem: (Images helpful) (5) What is the function of the limbic system? (6) What limbic system structure is involved in the flight or fight reaction. Explain. (7) What limbic system structure is involved in learning and memory. Explain. (8) Describe the various types of memory. (9) What appear to be the roles of the left hemisphere of the cerebrum and the right hemisphere?
 * The telencephalon.
 * the largest portion of the brain in humans
 * The last center to receive sensory input ad carry out integration before commanding voluntary motor responses.
 * It communicates with and coordinates the activities of the other parts of the brain.
 * [[image:brain_organ_cerebrum_cerebellum_pons_medulla.jpg width="244" height="186"]]
 * The hypothalamus and the thalamus are in the diencephalon
 * A region that encircles the third ventricle.
 * The hypothalamus forms the floor of the third ventricle.
 * The hypothalamus helps maintain and regulate hunger, sleep, thirst, body temperature and water balance.
 * The thalamus is made of two masses og gray matter located in teh sides and roof of the third ventricle.
 * The thalamus is on the receiving end for all sensory input except smell.
 * [[image:diencephalon.jpg width="225" height="169"]]
 * it lies under the occipital lobe of the cemebrum.
 * It is separated from the brain stem by the fourth ventricle.
 * It has two portions that are joined by a narrow median portion.
 * It receives sensory input from the eyes, ears, joints, and muscles about the present position of body parts.
 * It also receives motor output from the cerebral cortex about where these parts should be located.
 * [[image:cerebellum.jpg]]
 * The tracts cross in the brain stem, which contains the midbrain, the pons, and the medulla oblongata.
 * The midbrain is he relay station for tracts passing between the cerebrum and the spinal cord or cerebellum.
 * Pons means bridge- they contain bundles of axons traveling between the cerebellum an the rest of the CNS.
 * The medulla oblongata has a number of reflex centers for regulating heartbeat, breathing and vasoconstriction. It is also the reflex center for vomiting, coughing, sneezing, hiccuping and swallowing.
 * [[image:Brain2b.gif]]
 * It is a functional grouping rather than an anatomical one.
 * It blends primitive emotions and higher mental functions into a united whole.
 * it responsible for things such as sex and eating seem pleasurable.
 * The amygdala.
 * It can cause experienced to have emotion overtones, and it creates the sensation of fear. it used past information to asses a current situation and it triggers the flight or flight reaction.
 * The hippocampus
 * It plays a crucial role in learning and memory. It acts as an information gateway during the learning process. It determines what information id sent to the memory and how that information could be encoded and stored by other regions in the brain.
 * Short term memory: remembering things and keeping them in the forefront of our brain.
 * Long term memory: A mixture of what is called semantic memory. Ex: remembering a telephone number, the person it belongs to and the place it belongs to.
 * Semantic memory: Numbers, words, etc.
 * Episodic memory: persons, events, etc
 * Skill memory: It is involved in performing motor activities such as riding a bike or playing hockey. When first learned, the cerebral cortex are involved than after the skill is perfected. You have to think about what you are doing.
 * The left: logic, detail oriented, words, language, present past, math, science, order
 * The right: feeling, big picture oriented, symbols, images, present, future, believes, risk taking, fantasy bases

(10) What is Wernicke's area and Broca's area? The wernicke's area is located in the part of the left temporal lobe. It helps us understand both the written and spoken word and sens the information to the Broca's area.

The broca's area is located in the left frontal lobe, the primary motor area for speech musculature (lips, tounge and larynx) The broaca area helps with the grammatical refinements and directs the primary motor area to stimulate the appropriate muscles for speak and writing.