Digestion+System+JM

Chapter 8 Digestive System 8.1 Overview of Digestion 1. Describe in you words the processes that occur in the digestive system (ingestion, digestion, movement, absorption, elimination) ingestion is when food intake occurs through the mouth and the food is decomposed by our teeth. the tongue pushing the food around and helps swallow. digestion can be mechanical or chemical. mechanical digestion occurs primarily in the mouth and stomach while chemically begins in the mouth and is not finished until the food reaches the small intestine. movement is very important because it is needed for the tract to fulfill its functions. absorption occurs when the molecules from the food enter the call walls off the tract so that all of the nutrients can get to the body and blood stream. elimination is when the waste of you body is removed. 8.2 First Part of the Digestive Tract 1. Describe the MECHANICAL and CHEMICAL digestion that occurs in the mouth. mechanical digestion occurs in the mouth by the mouth and teeth chewing up the food and chemical digestion occurs in the mouth by the chemicals in the mouth such as salivary glands are used to break down the food even more than the mechanical digestion. 2. What is heartburn? heartburn is when you had acid reflex from the stomach into the esophagus. 3. What is a dental cavity? (What causes it?) a dental cavity is when you have bacteria in your mouth that contains sugars and it rots your teeth 8.3 Stomach and Small Intestine 1. What are the functions of the stomach and how is the wall of the stomach modified to perform these functions? the stomachs functions are to store food, initiate the digestion of protein and controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine. the stomach has different walls in it to help it do its jobs. for some parts of the stomach it is much smoother and in other parts the stomach has a bunch of different layer. 2. What are the functions of the small intestine and how is the wall of the small intestine modified to perform these functions? the functions of the small intestine is to complete digestion. the small intestine is modified to help it do these functions by awlls of the intestine having folds in it so that in can absorb all of the nutrients. 3. What is lactose intolerance? What causes it and what are the symptoms? lactose intolerance is when people do not have the brush enzyme called lactase and they can not digest lactose. 8.4 Three accessory organs. 1. What are the three main accessory organs and how do they assist the digestive process? 2. What is a gallstone? a gallstone is when liquid forms in the gallbladder and it hardens into pieces of stone like material. 3. What is hepatitis? hepatitis is inflammation of the liver 4. What is cirrhosis? cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the liver when it becomes fatty and then the liver tissue is replaced by inactice tissue and can no longer function 8.5 Large Intestine 1. What is the function of the large intestine? the function of the large intestine is absorbs water which prevents dehydration and also absorbs vitamin's produced by bacteria. 2. Briefly describe the disorders of the large intestine: diarrhea, constipation, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, IBS, IBD, polyps, cancer. diarrhea is an infection in the large intestine when the large intestine does not absorb the water. constipation is when a persons feces is to hard or dry. hemorrhoids is when blood vessels are enlarged and inflamed in the anus. IBS is when the muscularis contract powerfully but with normal coordination. IBD is a collective term for many inflammatory diseases. polyps are small growths arising in the lining of the intestine which can lead to cancer.