Stomach+to+the+Large+Intestine+HW3+MC

• Stomach is a thick-walled, J-shaped organ that lies on the left side of the body beneath the diaphragm. • Rugae is a deep fold in the mucosa of the stomach. • Gastric glands are glands within the stomach wall that secretes gastric juice. • Pepsin is an enzyme, which digests protein, plus HCl and mucus. • Small Intestine is a long, tube-like chamber of the digestive system tract between the stomach and large intestine. • Duodenum is the first 25 cm of the small intestine. • Bile is secretion of the liver that is temporarily stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine, where it emulsifies fat. • Lipase is a fat-digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas. • Villus is a small fingerlike projection of the inner core of nucleic acid. • Lacteal is a lymphatic vessel in an intestinal Villus, it acids in the absorption of lipids. • Lactose Intolerance is the inability to digest lactose because of enzyme deficiency. 1. What are the functions of the stomach? The stomach stores food, initiates the digestion of protein, and controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine. 2. What are the structures of the stomach that perform these functions and describe their role. The muscularis contains 3 layers of smooth muscle. The oblique layer allows the stomach to stretch and to mechanically break down food into smaller fragments that are mixed with gastric juice. The pepsin digest protein and the gastric glands produce gastric juices. 3. What are the functions of the small intestine? The small intestine contains enzymes to digest all types of foods, primarily carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. 4. What are the structures of the small intestine that perform these functions and describe their role? Bile emulsifies fat, lipase is an enzyme that digests fat secreted by the pancreas, the lacteal’s lymphatic system’s vessels carry a fluid called lymph to the cardiovascular veins, and villus gives the wall a soft velvety appearance. • Pancreas is a fish-shaped, spongy, grayish pink organ that stretches across the back of the abdomen behind the stomach. • Pancreatic amylase is an enzyme in the pancreas that digests starch to maltose. • Tryspin is a protein digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas. • Lipase is a fat-digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas. • Hormone is a substance produced by one set of cells that affects a different set of cells, the so-called target cells. • Liver is the largest and a major metabolic gland in the body. • Bile is secretion of the liver that is temporarily stored and concentrated in the gallbladder before being released into the small intestine, where it emulsifies fat. • Gallbladder is a pear-shaped organ just below the liver that serves to store and concentrate bile.

5. What are the three main accessory organs that assist with the digestive process? Describe how each contributes to the digestion of food. The Pancreas, liver, and gallbladder. The pancreas creates pancreatic juices, liver filters blood in the capillaries of the lobules, and the gallbladder sends the bile ducts to the duodenum. 6. How are digestive secretions regulated in the body? The secretions of digestive juices are controlled by the nervous system and by digestive hormones. • Large Intestine is the last major portion of the digestive tract, extending from the small intestine to the anus and consisting of the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anal canal. • Cecum is a small pouch that lies below the entrance of the small intestine and is the blind end of the large intestine. • Vermiform Appendix is a small tubular appendage that extends outward from the cecum of the large intestine. • Colon is the major portion of the large intestine, consisting of the ascending colon, the transverse colon, and the descending colon. 7. What are the different parts of the large intestine? It includes the cecum, the colon, the rectum, and the anal canal. 8. What is the function of the large intestine? It absorbs water which prevents dehydration of the body.