something+continued+immune

For each of the following define their function and include their role in immunity (the ability to combat disease). (p.127-128) Red bone marrow - primary lymphatic organ, produces all types of blood cells and types of white blood cells that help fight viruses thymus gland - produces thymic hormones protects against disease spleen - filters blood the largest lymphatic organ helps fight infections lymph nodes - filter lymph help fight infection
 * ||  || **7.2 Lymphatic System**


 * 7.3 Nonspecific Defenses (p. 128-130)**

Describe the barriers to entry and include their role in immunity - they body has built in barriers both physical and chemical that serve as the first line of defense against an infection by pathogens Skin and mucous membranes - physical barrier that prevents infection Chemical Barriers - fight infection sebacious oil glands of the skin contain chemicals that weaken or kill certain bacteria on the skin Resident Bacteria - microbes that usually reside in the mouth and intestine these resident bacteria prevent potential pathogens from taking up residence

Define the players in the inflammatory response histamine - chemical mediator released by damaged tissue cells cause the capillaries to dialate mast cells - cause the capillarys to dialate pus - dead neutophils die off in great quantity they become a yellow white substance cytokines - reinforcements for for neutrophils that secrete chemical mediators cytokines attract more white blood cells macrophages - macrophages can enlist the help of lymphocytes to carry out specific defense mechanisms

List the four steps in the inflammatory response (figure 7.9) - injured tissue cells release histamine 2 macrophages and dendritic cells phagocytize pathogens and release cytokines 3 neutrophils and monocytes queeze through the capillary wall 4 blood clotting walls off capillary and prevents blood loss

Describe the complement system and its role in immunity. - aplify the inflammatory response becuse complement proteins can bind to mast cells and trigger histamine release Describe the membrane attack complex and its role in immunity. - produces holes in the surface of bacteria and some viruses Describe interferon and its role in immunity.- proteins produced by virus infected cells as a warning to noninfected cells in the area

Define Antigens. - molecules the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body How does specific defense differ from nonspecific defense? specific defense depends on teh action of lymphocytes they have specific antigen receptors while non specific defenses fight anything foreign to the body Which blood cells are mainly responsible for specific defense, and how do they function? (make a table like the one on page 130) B Plasma Cell - produces specific antibodies
 * 7.4 Specific Defenses (pp.130)**

What is acquired immunity? - immunity that occurs naturally through infection What is active immunity and explain an example? - the individual alone produces antibodies against an antigen chicken pox What is passive immunity and explain an example? - the individidual is given prepared antibodies - flu shot
 * 7.5 Acquired Immunity (pp.136)**

When is the immune system hypersensitive? - allergies Explain how an allergy is an example of hypersensitivity. - the response to these antigens called allergens usually includes some degree of tissue damage Explain how tissue rejection is an example of hypersensitivity. - the body tries to attack it because its forieign to the immune system Define autoimmune disease. - when the body mistakenly attacks itself Define the following autoimmune diseases. multiple sclerosis (MS) - t cells attackk the myelin sheath of nerve fibers and this causes various neuromuscular symptoms lupus - kidney damage disease due to autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis - the joints are affected autoimmune disease || ||   ||   ||   || Please enter your password.
 * 7. 6 Hypersensitivity Reactions (pp.138-139)**
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