Skeletal+System

Skeletal System (1) A bone is an organ composed of what types of tissues? (Be detailed, pictures nice) Bone is composed of cartilage and fibrous connective tissue.

(2) Describe the make up of LONG bone. DESCRIBE Long bone has a shaft portion, made up of compact bone and membrane, and it has a cavity that is filled with yellow bone marrow. The epiphysis of long bone is made up of spongy bone and the entirety of long bone is covered by periosteum, a connective tissue.

(3) What types of cells are involved in bone growth, remodeling, and repair? DESCRIBE Osteoblasts give out the organic composition of bone and promote deposition of calcium salts. Osteocytes are mature bone cells that maintain the structure of bone, and osteoclasts are cells that are bone absorbing and that deposite calcium and phosphate into the blood.

(4) What are two types of ossification. DESCRIBE. In intramembraneous ossification, calcification happens after calcium is added to the organic matrix between sheets of connective tissue. Cartilage is replaced by the same bone matrix in endochondral ossification.

(5) What are the four steps required in fracture repair? DESCRIBE. In fracture repair, a hematoma forms between broken bones. Then, a callus fills the between the bones for a few weeks. A bony callus takes the place of this fibrocartilaginous callus. Finally, osteoblasts build new bone and osteoclasts obsorb spongy bone.



(6) What are the functions of the skeleton? The skeleton supports the body, protects soft body parts, makes blood cells, stores fat and minerals and allows body movement.

(7) How are joints classified? Joints are classified by how much movement they permit. Fibrous joints do not move, cartilaginous joints move slightly, and synovial joints move extensively.

(8) Give examples of different types of synovial joints and the movements they permit. Ball and socket joints in the hips and shoulders allow rotational movement as well as movement in all other directions. Hinge joints, such as those found in the knees and elbows, allow movement in one direction on the other hand.