NH+Vaccines

7.4 Specific Defenses (pp.130-131) 7.5 Acquired Immunity (pp.136-137) How was the hepatitis B vaccine prepared? (p.136) How could a vaccine be a contraceptive (form of birth control)? (p.332)
 * Define and describe
 * specific defense
 * gets rid of the disease causing agent (antigen) in the body instead of the nonspecific defense that the body uses to just guard against any antigen that may enter the body.
 * antigen
 * the disease causing agent- molecules that are foreign to the body that the immune system reacts to
 * special B cells called plasma cells
 * antibody producing factory
 * antibody
 * neutralizes the antigen so that it can not attach to the cells
 * antibody mediated immunity
 * b-cells create antibodies that help to get over the disease
 * Define and describe
 * active immunity
 * the person develops antibodies on their own either through a vaccine or through getting the antigen some other way
 * passive immunity
 * injection of antibodies to combat a disease
 * IgG crosses placenta
 * IgG and IgA are in breast milk
 * vaccine
 * shot of antigens that stimulate an immune system response and therefor an immunity for that strain
 * antibody titer
 * following an immune response after a vaccination by counting the number of antibodies in a sample of plasma
 * by genetically engineering bacteria to mass produce the virus. then they attenuate or kill the virus to put in a vaccine
 * by telling the body that HCG or sperm are antigens that it needs to get rid of.

How could a vaccine help fight cancer? (p.416) Is an AIDS vaccine possible? (p.351) not really, it changes to much.
 * giving the body a cancer cell so that it will build up an immunity against it
 * Describe "setback" number 2.
 * due to mutations, the strains differ too much within each person and worldwide. no way to know what antigens to use
 * Describe setback number 3.
 * only short term protection. people would have to get booster shots