DNA+review-Faith

__**Chapter 21 DNA Biology**__
__complementary paired bases__-hydrogen bonding between particular bases in DNA thymine pairs with adenine and guanine pairs with cytosine in RNA uracil pairs with A and G pairs with C __template__-pattern or guide used to make copies, parental strand of DNA serves as a guide for the production of daughter DNA strands and DNA also serves as a guide for the production of messenger RNA __mutation-__alteration in chromosome structure or number and also an alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition __messenger RNA__-Type of RNA formed from a DNA template that bears coded information for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide __DNA replication__-synthesis of a new DNA double helix prior to mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells and during prokaryotic fission in prokaryotic cells __transcription__-process whereby a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of mRNA __translation__-process whereby ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to produce a polypeptide with a particular sequence of amino acid __codon__-three-base sequence in mRNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation

Questions 1. How does the structure of DNA allow it to be replicated? 2. How is the structure of RNA similar to, but also different from DNA? (THIS IS A LONG ANSWER SEE TABLE 21.1) 3. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary DNA strand be? 4. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary mRNA strand be? 5. What is the structure of a protein? 6. What functions do proteins perform? 7. If a mRNA had the codon sequence AUU GCG UGG, name the three amino acids that would be linked. 8. What evidence with respect to DNA suggests that all living things are related and share a common ancestor? 9. Where does transcription occur and what is the product? 10. Where does translation occur and what is the product?
 * the two strands spiral about each other and it resembles a ladder
 * Similar
 * both are nucleic acids
 * composed of nucleotides
 * have sugar-phosphate backbone
 * have four different types of bases
 * differences
 * DNA found in nucleus and RNA found in nucleus and cytoplasm
 * DNA is a genetic material and RNA is helper to DNA
 * DNA sugar is deoxyribose and RNA sugar is ribose
 * DNA bases are A, T, C, G and RNA are U,A, C, G
 * DNA is double stranded and RNA is single stranded
 * DNA is transcribed and RNA is translated
 * CGGTACTGG
 * CGGUACUGG
 * They are composed of subunits called amino acids
 * 20 different amino acids are commonly found in proteins which are synthesized at the ribosomes in the cytoplasm of cells
 * responsible for the red color of red blood cells and give muscles substance and he ability to contract
 * determine the structure and functions of the various cells in the body and some of those in the plasma membrane serve as the human recognition proteins
 * ISO, ALA, TRYP
 * the genetic code
 * In the DNA and and a copy of the DNA is made
 * happens in RNA and molecules bring amino acids to the ribosomes