Digestive+Review+HW5+MC

1. Argue that absorption is the most important of the five processes of digestion over the other four processes. (144-45) It is the most important of the five processes because with absorption nutrients enter the blood for delivery to the cells. Our body has to have nutrients, if we don’t have them, or if they don’t get delivered to our cells, then we would suffer from an unhealthy body. 2. List the main organs of the digestive tract and state the contribution of each to the digestive process. (146-54) The main organs are the mouth, esophagus, liver, stomach, gall bladder, pancreas, small intestine, appendix, and the large intestine. The mouth receives food and begins the process of mechanical and chemical digestion. The esophagus takes food to the stomach. The stomach stores food, initiates the digestion of protein, and controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine. The small intestine contains enzymes to digest all types of food. The pancreas creates pancreatic juices. The appendix is just a worm shaped blind tube projecting from the first part of the large intestine on the right side of the abdomen. The large intestine absorbs water to prevent dehydration, and absorbs vitamins. The liver receives blood and removes iron and some vitamins from blood and stores them. 3. Name the enzymes involved in the digestion of starch, protein, and fat, and tell where these enzymes are active and what they do. (151) Salivary amylase is active in the mouth produced by salivary glands;;the starch and water produce maltose. The pancreatic amylase is produced by the pancreas located in the small intestine;; the starch and water produce maltose also. Pepsin and Trypsin’s protein and water produce peptides, but the pepsin is in the stomach and the trypsin is in the small intestine. Lipase is in the small intestines and it’s fat and water produce monoglycerides and fatty acids. 4. Why are the pancreas, liver, and gall bladder considered accessory organs of digestion and not an organ of digestion? (152) Because all 3 of these work together and they are all in relation to the small intestine. 5. What is the chief contribution of each of these in the body--carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids (fats)? (158-59) Carbs are the preferred energy source for the body. Proteins are needed to supply the essential amino acids, and Lipids supply essential fatty acids.

9. d. small intestine 10. a. cecum 11. c. small intestine—starch, lipid and protein digestion 12. e. both a and c are correct 13. c. gallbladder—produces digestive enzymes 14. c. polysaccharides 15. e. only in the esophagus and stomach 16. c. nervous tissue 17. d. maltose—pepsin 18. d. fingerlike villi of the small intestine 19. d. emulsifies fat 20. e. makes red blood 21. c. absorbs water 22. e. large intestine 23. b. esophagus 24. c. stomach 25. d. small intestine 26.a. mouth 27.b. are only needed occasionally 28.b.vitamins 29.e.the food we eat