SLICE8.1+8.2+homework

8.1 Overview of Digestion 1. Name and describe the three processes that occur during the digestive process. Ingestion is when the mouth takes in food Digestion can be when food is divided into pieces that can be acted on by the digestive enzymes, this occurs in the moth and stomach. It can also be when the body’s chemicals breaks down the food Movement is when the food is moved along our digestive tract from one organ to the next 2. What are the four layers of the GI tract? Associate an illness with each of the layers. Describe the illness. Mucosa – Diverticulosis is when portions of the mucosa have pushed through the other layers and formed pouches where food can collect Submucosa – IBD characterized by chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever and weight loss Muscularis – IBS contractions of the wall cause abdominal pain, constipation and diarrhea. Serosa – appendicitis because it could burst and cause a life threatening infection

8.2 The First Part of the Digestive Tract Define the following vocab... Palate - the roof of your mouth salivary glands - make and send saliva dental carries - tooth decay periodontitis - a loss of bone and loosening of the teeth pharynx - the food passage and air passage cross in the pharynx esophagus - a long narrow tube that takes food into the stumach glottis - the opening to the larynx (voice box) and therefore the air passae epiglottis - peristalsis - a rhythmic contraction that pushes the food along the esophagus sphincters - muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves. Diaphragm - a muscle that separates the choracic and abdominal cavities 3. Describe the mecahnical and chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth. Mechanical is when food is divided into pieces that can be acted on by the digestive enzymes, this occurs in the moth and stomach. Chemical is when the body’s chemicals breaks down the food with enzymes and stuff is absorbed into different organs. 4. What ordinarily prevents food from entering the nose or entering the trachea when you swallow? The soft palate closes off the nasal passages And the epiglottis closes off the larynx

Health Focus Heartburn (p148) 5. What causes the burning sensation associated with heartburn? It is due to acid reflux, when the stomach contents go up into your esophagus. 6. What is GERD? How is it different from heartburn? When acid reflux becomes a chronic condition. The difference is that GERT patients have more acid for longer and have it more often 7. Describe two ways drugs treat GERD. They neutralize stomach acid, some medicines shut down the acid production 8. Describe ways to avoid hearburn that do not involve drugs. Modify your eating habits, avoid high fat meals, don’t overeat, eat several smaller meals, and exercise