MA+Cell+division+hw

Cell Division (Chapter 18) 18.1 1. What are the three stages of interphase. Describe each phase 2. How does interphase prepare a cell for cell division? 3. Define: mitosis, sister chromatids, centromere, cytokinesis, apoptosis 18.2
 * 1) G Stage: When a cell doubles its organelles(ribosomes and mitochondria). Gets whats needed for DNA synthesis. A chromosome contains proteins called histones and DNA.
 * 2) S Stage: DNA replicaton occurs, duplication of chromosomes
 * 3) G2 Dtage: Proteins needed for cell division are synthesized.
 * It gets the cell ready for division by the duplication of DNA and gaining proteins needed for the process.
 * Mitosis: is a type of nuclear division in which each new nucleus contains the same number and kind of chromosomes as the former cell.
 * Centromere: where sister chromatids are held together
 * Cytokinesis: is division of the cytoplasm
 * sister chromatids: one of 2 genetically identical chromosomal units that are the result of dna replication
 * apoptosis: programmed cell death which rids the body of cells that are duplicating when they shouldn't be

4. Following mitosis, how does the chromosome number of the daughter cell compare with the chromosome number of the parent cell? 5. What are the phases of mitosis and what happens during each phase? 6. How is the cytoplasm divided between the daughter cells following mitosis? 7. Define: parent cell, daughter cell, diploid, centrosome, mitotic spindle, centrioles. 8. What is the importance of mitosis and how is the process controlled?
 * The parent cell divides to make a copy and there are the same number of chromosomes in each.
 * Early prophase: centrosomes duplicate
 * Prophase: nucleolus disappears, duplicated chromosomes are visible, centrosomes begin moving apart, and spindle is in the process of forming
 * Early Metaphase: each chromatid is attached to a spindle fiber
 * metaphase: centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the center, spindle fibers attached to the sister chromatids come from opposite spindle poles
 * Anaphase: sister chromatids part and become daughter chromosomes that move toward the spindle poles...same number of chromosomes in each celll
 * telophase: daughter cells are forming as nuclear envelopes and nuclear envelopes and nucleoli appear
 * Cytokinesis divides the daughter cells.
 * parent cell: cell that divides that form daughter cells
 * daughter cell: cell that arises from a parent cell by mitosis or meiosis
 * diploid: cel condition in which two of each type of chromosome are present in the nucleus
 * centrosome: central microtubule organizing center of cells.
 * mitotic spindle: microtubule structure that brings about chromosomal movement during nuclear division.
 * centrioles: cellular structure, existing in pairs, that possibly organizes the mitotic spindle for chromosomal movement during mitosis and meiosis
 * The importance of mitosis is that cells are duplicated, which means we always have enough cells. The process is controlled with apoptosis so too many cells aren't made. This process is when a cell kills itself.