large+intestine+homework

8.3 Stomach to Small Intestine stomach – thick walled j shaped organ that lies on the left side of the body. The stomach stores food initiates the digestion of protein and controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine rugae – the mucosa of the stomach that has deep folds gastric glands – produce gastric juice millions of gastric pits lead into the gastric glands pepsin – enzyme which digests protein plus hydrochloric acid and mucus small intestine – long skinny digestive tube that is a continuation of the large intestine duodenum – the first 25 cm of the small intestine bile – emulsifies fat lipase – after the fat is emulsified it is hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids villus – fingerlike projections in the small intestine which give the intestinal wall a soft velvety appearence lacteal – camll lymphatic capillary in the villus lactose intolerance – people who do not have the brush border enzyme called lactase

(1) What are the functions of the stomach? The stomach stores food initiates the digestion of protein and controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine (2) What are the structures of the stomach that perform these functions and describe their role. Gastric glands secrete mucus, hcl and pepsin an enzyme that digests protein Peristalsis in the stomach controls the secretion of chyme into the small intestine (3) What are the functions of the small intestine? Digestion is completed, nutrients are absorbed (4) What are the structures of the small intestine that perform these functions and describe their role? Bile emulsifies fat, lipase hydrolyzes fat into glycerol and fatty acids Microvilli give the villi a fuzzy border known as a brush border for the absorption of nutrients Lacteal transports carbs and amino acids among other things to the cardiovascular veins

8.4 Three Accessory Organs and Regulation of Secretions pancreas – is a fish shaped spongy grayish pink organ pancreatic amylase – digests starch trypsin – digests protein lipase – digests fat hormone – a substance produced by one set of cells that affects a different set of cells called targets cells liver – largest and a major metabolic gland in the body, lies minly in the upper right section of the abdominal cavity bile – has a yellowish green color because it also contains bilirubin derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin another function of the liver bile is stored in the gallbladder Gall bladder – pear shaped organ just elow the liver until it is sent via the bile ducts to the duodenum

(5) What are the three main accessory organs that assist with the digestive process? Describe how each contributes to the digestion of food. Pancreas – neutralizes acid chyme in the stomach Liver – destroys old red blood cells, detoxifies blood, stores iron, stpres glucose as glycogen after a meal Produces urea, helps regulate blood cholesterol level gall bladder and liver (6) How are digestive secretions regulated in the body? Controlled by the nervous system and by digestive hormones 8.5 The Large Intestine and Defecation large intestine – absorbs water which prevents dehydration cecum – the blind end of the large intestine vermiform appendix – small projection in the cecum colon – the ascending colon the transverse colon and the descending colon and the sigmoid colon storage tube for solid wastes

(7) What are the different parts of the large intestine? Cecum, the colon, the rectum and the anal canal (8) What is the function of the large intestine? Absorbs water, absorbs vitamins, break down indigestible material, and also produce b complex vitamins