JH+endocrine+and+urinary+system+HW

In your words: explain the four ways the kidneys help maintain homeostasis (a stable internal environment) for the human body (pp.188-189). Define the role as stated on page 188 of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Kidneys - the role of the kidneys is to produce urine Ureters - conduct urine from the kidneys Urinary Bladder - stores urine until expelled by the body Define Diuretic and name a couple diuretics. (may need to look this up on the internet) a diuretic is a substance that makes you have to urinate a lot more often and coffee and tea are diuretics Define the role of the hormone ADH. (What does it stand for, where is it produced and what does it signal?) p. 198 Atrial natriuretic hormone is a hormone that is secreted by the atria of the heart when cardiac cells are stretched due to increased blood volume On page 201 the book shows how important the kidneys are to maintain homeostasis. First Define Homeostasis.Then in your words as much as possible, describe how the kidneys help maintain homeostasis in the various systems of the human body. Homeostasis is a property of an organism that keeps it a constant stable condition Urinary system - the kidney excrete nitrogenous waste, and help maintain the salt and PH levels Cardiovascular system - production of renin helps maintain blood pressure levels digestive system - the digestive system absorbs ions and water and nutrients these help the kidneys maintain good levels of water and ions in the blood respiratory system - the kidneys help the lungs by excreting CO2 as bicarbonate ions and the lungs help the kidneys maintain a good acid- base balance of the blood by excrete CO2
 * Urinary System**
 * the kidneys help with excretion of metobolic waste mostly nitrogenous which is mostly urea which is a by-product of amino acid metabolism
 * the kidneys help with balancing the water to salt ratio in the body which helps maintain blood pressure levels
 * the kidneys help maintain the PH balance in the blood also and usually the kidneys keep the PH at about 7.4
 * the kidneys secrete hormones like renin which ultimately helps in the process of filtering the blood of salt

Pituitary gland (p.300-301) Describe ADH and its role in the body. Describe Growth Hormone and its role in the body. Describe pituitary dwarfism and acromegaly.
 * Endocrine System**

Thyroid gland (p.303): Describe these problems and possible treatments with the thyroid gland: simple goiter, congenital hypothyroidism, myxedema, expophthalmic goiter.

Adrenal gland (p.305) What is the role of epinephrine (adrenaline)?