Last+HW+Human+Evolution+CH

=__**Assignment Detail**__= =__**Last HW: Human Evolution**__= =__**SCI Human Biology - 2**__= 22.3 Classification of Humans (p.475-477)

1. How are humans classified from domain to species?

 * =====Domain Eukarya: membrane-bound nucleus=====
 * =====Kingdom Animalia: multicellular, motile, heterotrophic=====
 * =====Phylum Chordata: sometime in life history: dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches=====
 * =====Class Mammalia: vertebrates with hair, mammary glands=====
 * =====Order Primates: well-developed brain, adapted to live in trees=====
 * =====Family Hominidae: adapted to upright stance and bipedal locomotion=====
 * =====Genus Homo: most developed brain, made and used tools=====
 * =====Species Homo Sapiens: modern humans, speech centers of brain well-developed=====

2. What are the characteristics of primates?

 * Opposobal thumbs
 * Well developed brain
 * Well adapted for living up in the trees

3. What major differences exist between the chimpanzee skeleton and the human skeleton?

 * Human spine exits from the center
 * Ape spine exits from the rear of the skull
 * Human spine is s-shaped
 * Ape spine has a slight curve
 * Human pelvis is bowl-shaped
 * Ape pelvis is longer and more narrow
 * Human femurs angle inward to knees
 * Ape femurs angle out a bit
 * Human knee can support more weight than an ape's

22.4 Evolution of Hominids

4. Which fossil hominid is the oldest of the australopithecines?

 * hominid of the australopithecines ("Lucy")

5. Which hominid is the first to have culture? Explain.

 * Homo habillis
 * Parts of their brains were much bigger than their ancestors
 * This means they could of organized groups for hunting and gathering, which may have lead to a more developed society

6. Which hominid was the first to migrate out of Africa?

 * Homo Eragster

7. How might Homo habilis, living 2 MYA, have differed from the austropithecines?

 * Because they had more capacity in their brains for speech

8. How might Homo erectus, living about 1.9-1.6 MYA, have differed from Homo habilis?

 * Homo Erectus had larger brains and a flatter face
 * Their noses projected which was more adaptive to hot, dry climates because it permits water to be removed before air leaves the body
 * They also were the first hominids to use fire and more advanced tools such as teardrop- shaped axes and cleavers

9. What is the out-of-Africa hypothesis and what bearing does it have on the evolution of humans?

 * Proposes that Homo Sapiens evolved from Homo Erectus only in African, and thereafter Homo Sapiens migrated to Europe and Asia about 100,000 years ago

10. How do Cro-Magnons, the first of the modern humans differ from the other species in the genus Homo?

 * they made advanced stone tools
 * may have been the first to throw spears
 * made knife-like blades
 * accomplished hunters