Hormone+Notes-Faith

Hormone Notes

steroid hormones and peptid hormones • They are a lot slower because they don’t have and axon reacting to a synapse • The signal travels through the blood and it makes it not as fast • Steroids are lipid based and peptid are proteins based Types of hormones • Estrogen • Testosterone • Melatonin How does a hormone work • A secreting cell release hormone into a blood vessel • The hormone travels through the blood and throughout our entire body o The hormone will end up everywhere once it is in the blood • The hormones goes by every cell in the body o The target cell has special proteins called receptors (it receives the homones by attraction) o Hormone= key receptor=lock Where are hormones produced? • The secreting cells are in the gland o Pineal gland o Thyroid gland o Thymus gland o Adrinal gland • adrenaline o Pancreas • insulin o Ovaries • estrogen o Testicles • Testosterom Where are the target cells? • Where are adrenaline target cells? o Heart cells • Where are insulin target cells? o Muscle cells • Where are estrogen target cells? o In the breast Study: Drug can curb breast cancer recurrence • Letrozole is an estrogen receptor blocker o Can cause pre-mature metapause • 2/3 fewer breast cancer people who took this estrogen • is the best form for breast cancer • ½ didn’t start the drug until awhile after they had the cancer but it still works the same • Can come back over the course of many years

What is Diabetes? • Related to insulin (which is a hormone secreted by the pancreas) o Our body needs in order to convert food into energy needed for daily life o Insulin is in the bloodstream • Type 1 Diabetes o Body doesn’t make insulin (no key) o Have insulin injection happens in children • Type 2 Diabetes o No receptors (no lock) o Usually in adults and overweight people o Treatment: diet and exercise

__**INSULIN**__

 * two types of hormones
 * Steriods-made of fat and can get through the cell membrane
 * peptid-cannot get through and receptors are on the surface
 * they travel through the blood and go by every cell in the body
 * the hormone and the receptor have to match
 * the pancreas releases insulin after we have eaten (detects sugar)
 * the insulin takes the sugar from the food to create energy
 * a pump lets glucose into the cells
 * matches with an insulin receptor and glucose can enter the cells
 * When you don't have insulin (diabetes/no match)
 * glucose/sugar will stay in the blood
 * sympton: High blood sugar=hyperglycemia
 * urination
 * because of hyperglycermia
 * thirsty
 * vision affected
 * hyperglycemia leads to a change in the shape of lens
 * tired
 * causes kidneys to put excess sugar in the urine, which causes water to enter the urine to dilute urine
 * Type 1 Diabetes
 * dont produce insulin
 * need insulin everyday for the rest of their life
 * only 5-10% are type 1
 * usually found in children
 * Type 2 Diabetes
 * more common 90-95%
 * happens in middle age people
 * manage it by having a meal plan, being active, and taking medication when needed
 * Insulin-insulin receptors cannot make a connection problem with the receptor
 * High levels of blood sugar can damage blood vessels in
 * kidneys
 * nerves
 * eyes
 * and blood vessels in the heart
 * Long Term Problems
 * vision problems
 * kidney disease
 * foot problems
 * heart disease and heart attacks
 * stroke