diabetes+article+summary-+rebecca

What are the key players in Diabetes? Why? The pancreas helps digestion after you eat. If the pancreas does not produce enough insulin, then you may get diabetes. pancreas: to produce all the enzymes needed for digestion in the small intestine. when you eat your body breaks food down into sugar.
 * the pancreas, the liver, the muscle and the fat.
 * WHY? Because they all help regulate our glucose levels and production in our body.

What are the unexpected key players in Diabetes? Why?
 * hormone in the skeleton, signals from the brain, gut and immune system.The skeleton is an endocrine organ. Food comes in through the gut and there would be sugar regulation there. if the signals from the brain don't work, then you produce too much or too little insulin, causing diabetes.

Explain the connection between bones and fat? leptin, a hormone what is made from fat, is an important regulator of bone metabolism. Bone and fat work both the same. They help each other out. the conversation was a two-way street....fat regulates bone, bone regulates fat. Ostecalcin which is produced my the bone, signals both fat cells and the pancreas. Diabetes will occur if the fat is not regulated, and if the signals to the pancreas are not right. The signals help regulate insulin.

Explain the connection between bones and the pancreas?
 * Osteocalcin,produced by bone signals fat cells as well as the pancreas. When it signals the pancreas it is signaling it to be active. Osteocalcin control both the amount of insulin resistance and insulin production.

Explain the connection between the brain and diabetes. Researchers have found out that free fatty acids, and the hormone leptin, produced by fat tissue, signal to a part of the brain called the hypothalamus, which also regulates appetite, temperature and sex drive.- it allows you not to e hungry or to be hungry, to be warm or cold and to feel, or want pleasures.
 * The brain is important in blood sugar regulation.

“If the brain is getting the message that you have adequate amounts of these hormones and nutrients, it will constrain glucose production by the liver and keep blood glucose relatively low,” But if the brain senses inadequate amounts of insulin then, the “activate responses that cause the liver to make more glucose, and new evidence suggests that this contributes to diabetes and impaired glucose metabolism.” The brain is listening to, and weighing and making sense of signals from insulin, leptin, free fatty acids and glucose itself.It appears to send signals to liver and muscle cells through several nerves. The gut is also involved.

Explain the connection between the immune system and diabetes?
 * The small intestine signals the pancreas and the brain to help lower the bodies blood sugar. You will know if it worked because your appetite will be controlled. Not all macrophages are created equal. some are bad, and come are good.Diabetes can also occur when the immune cells become inflamed and this is the cause of insulin resistance. There are many signals that come from hormones to help reduce blood sugars in the body that leads to eating less and not becoming over weight.

Now summarize the article in a paragraph.

Because of new research dealing with diabetes, scientists have new ideas and evidence on how deal with diabetes. Diabetes is killing thousands of Americans each year. Research is becoming more complicated. There are a few key players to regulation glucose in the body which are the pancreas, the liver, muscle, and fat, but there are more to diabetes that those, now because we have so much more research results. Some of the other components that deal with diabetes come from the hormones from the skeleton, signals to the immune system, the brain, and the gut. Each person differs from the amount of glucose they have in their body and therefore it is hard to exactly pinpoint the problems with all diabetes. Scientists say "we see that the skeleton is actually an endocrine organ" that produces hormones that are outside of the bone. Leptin is a hormone that is produced by fat, which is very important to the bone metabolism and this means that also the bone regulates fat. Therefor, now that we know that information about fat an bone, a substance called osteocalcin produced by bone signals fat cells and also the pancreas. Osteocalcin also regulates insulin resistance and low insulin production. Osteocalin is a new treatment for humans with type 2 diabetes. Another recent study shows that in glucose regulation is the immune system. Macrophages are found in the immune system, which have led to inflammation. But not all macrophages are not created equal, there are some good, and some bad ones- which lead to diabetes and inflammation. The brain is getting the message that you have adequate amounts of these hormones and nutrients, and the brain constrains glucose production by the liver and keep blood glucose low. The brain is listening. It sends signals from insulin, leptin fatty acids and glucose. It must be working, because the liver and muscles are involved. With the brain signaling, it curves the appetite and therefore less people eat less and don't will become over weight. Hormones from the small intestine called cretins talk to the brain and the pancreas which allows you to eat less because reduces blood sugar.