Digestive+system+questions-Faith+Sanford

**Digestive System (pg 144-155)**
1. Name and describe the processes that occur during the digestive process. chemical digestion starts in the mouth and ends in the small intestine. a thick fluid called chyme digests the food through the stomach 2. What are the four layers of the GI tract? Associate an illness with each of the layers. (Describe the Illness) 3. Describe the mechanical digestion and the chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth. 4. What ordinarily prevents food from entering the nose or entering the trachea when you swallow? 5. What are the function of the stomach, and how is the wall of the stomach modified to perform these functions? 6. What are the functions of the small intestine and how is the wall of the small intestine modified to perform these functions? 7. What are the three main accessory organs that assist with the digestive process? 8. How does each accessory organ contribute to the digestion of food? 9. What are the different parts of the large intestine? 10. What are the functions of the large intestine?
 * Ingestion
 * the food the we eat and becomes a part of our daily diet. What we ingest determines the life we will live
 * Digestion
 * Mechanical digestion happens when the food is cut into pieces and the enzymes lets the food be digested. Happens in the mouth and stomach
 * Movement
 * is responsible for passing the food to the next organs and getting rid of other remains in the body that cannot be digested
 * Absorption
 * The molecules that are across the wall of the GI tract absorb the nutrients from the food and transport it to the blood and eventually the cells
 * Elimination
 * food that cannot be digested(waste) it taken out of the body through the anus
 * mucosa-diverticulitis is when the mucosa pushes through layers to form pouches that later become infected and inflamed
 * submucosa-inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) can be caused because there are blood vessels in the submucosa that can be inflammatory.
 * muscularis-irritable bowel syndrome causes abdominal pains, constipation, and diarrhea. Stress can be the leading cause for this syndrome
 * serosa-appendicitis is when the appendix becomes infected and has to be removed from the body before it bursts. If it does burst the result is peritonitis which is an infection
 * Mechanical digestion- happens when the teeth chew the food so we are able to swallow it
 * Chemical digestion-swallowing the food is when chemical digestion happens
 * the epiglottis[[image:http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19595.jpg]]
 * stores the food, begins the digestion of the protiens, absorbs alcohol, and control the movement of the chyme to the small intestine
 * there are four layers on the stomach that contain smooth muscle, circular and longitudal layers, and oblique layers that stretch and break down food
 * digests the food, along with carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
 * the walls of the intestine absorbs sugars,amino acids, fatty acids, and glycerol. they also contain villi and lacteal
 * Pancreas
 * Liver
 * Gallblader
 * Pancreas-produce pancreatic juice which is the enzyme for all types of food. It also secrets hormone insulin into the blood
 * Liver-removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them, and makes plasma protien thats regulates the amount of cholesterol in the blood. It also gets blood from the hepatic portal vein
 * Gallbladder-where bile is stored and is sent to the duodenum
 * cecum
 * vermiform appendix
 * colon
 * rectum
 * absorbs water along with vitamins made by the bacteria which is called intestinal flora. Also forms feces and initiates defecation