Human+Chromosomes+-+RJ


 * Changes in Chromosome Number
 * Vocab:
 * nondisjunction
 * Failure of homologous chromosomes or daughter chromosomes to separate during meiosis I and meiosis II respectively
 * trisomy
 * One more chromosome than usual
 * monosomy
 * One less chromosome than usual
 * Barr body
 * Dark staining body in the nuclei of female mammals that contains a condensed inactive X chromosome
 * Down Syndrome
 * Usually have 3 copies of chromosome 21 b/c the egg had two copies instead of one.
 * Turner Syndrome
 * Individual has one sex chromosome X
 * Klinefelter Syndrome
 * A male born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosomes
 * Poly-X Females
 * Has more than two X chromosomes and extra Barr bodies in the nucleus
 * Female with three X chromosomes and one Y chromosomes
 * Jacobs Syndrome
 * XYY males can only result from nondisjunction during sprematogensis
 * What are the two types of chromosomes and how many of each do we have in every cell?
 * Describe process that can change the normal number of chromosomes in a cell?
 * Name chromosome disorders due to an abnormal number of autosomal chromosomes.
 * Name chromosome disorders due to an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.
 * Changes in Chromosome Structure
 * Vocab:
 * deletion
 * Changes in chromosomes structure in which the end of a chromosome breaks off or two simultaneous breaks lead to the loss of an internal segment often causes abnormalities
 * duplication
 * change in chromosome structure in which a particular segment is present more than once in the same chromosome
 * inversion
 * change in chromosome structure in which a segment a segment of chromosome is turned around 180 degrees, this reversed sequence of genes can lead to altered gene activity and abnormalities
 * translocation
 * movement of a chromosomal segment from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome leading to abnormalities (down syndrome)
 * Williams syndrome
 * Occurs when chromosome 7 tin end piece
 * Crit du Chat syndrome
 * A missing portion of chromosome 5
 * Alagille syndrome
 * Deletion of chromosome 20
 * Chronic myelogenous leukemia
 * A translocation from a portion of chromsome 22 to chromosome 9
 * Burkett lymphoma
 * cells show a reciprocal translocation between the long arm of chromosome 8 and chromosomes 14, 2 or 22
 * Name chromosome deletion syndromes.
 * Williams, Alagille, Cri Du Chat
 * Name chromosome translocation syndromes.
 * Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Burkett's Lyphoma
 * Name chromosome translocation syndromes.
 * Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia, Burkett's Lyphoma