LC-DigestiveSystemHW

1. Describe in you words the processes that occur in the digestive system (ingestion, digestion, movement, absorption, elimination) - Ingestion: consuming nutrients and energy from food - Digestion: mechanical or chemical means of breaking down food in small enough particles to cross a cell. - Movement: after nutrients have been extracted, extra food and waste is moved along to another organ... - Absorption: this is where the actual nutrients are absorbed as well as water into the cells. - Elimination: Molecules such as fiber are excreted through the anus as waste. 1. Describe the MECHANICAL and CHEMICAL digestion that occurs in the mouth... Mechanical digestion include chewing and breaking down the food into large pieces to swallow. Chemical digestion in the mouth comes from the salivary glands to break down starches in the mouth. 2. What is heartburn? Heartburn is a reaction to stomach acids creeping into the esophagus tube often causing vomiting. 3. What is a dental cavity? (What causes it?) Bacteria stuck onto the teeth metabolize or break down the sugar stuck to teeth with acids that erode the tooth's enamel. 1. What are the functions of the stomach and how is the wall of the stomach modified to perform these functions? The wall of the stomach is made up by four layers of mucosa that can handle the acids. 2. What are the functions of the small intestine and how is the wall of the small intestine modified to perform these functions? nutrients are absorbed in the small intestine with the wall of mucosa has little bitty holes called villus. 3. What is lactose intolerance? What causes it and what are the symptoms? Lactose is in foods such as milk and other dairy foods that causes certain people to have stomach allergies causing diarrhea, bloating, gas and stomach pains. 1. What are the three main accessory organs and how do they assist the digestive process? pancreas: creates insulin-a digestive enzyme. Liver: removes iron and vitamins. Gal bladder: regulates the level of cholesterol with bile. 2. What is a gallstone? A gallstone is a hard composite of solidified liquid from the Gal bladder. 3. What is hepatitis? a liver disease keeping it from repairing itself. 4. What is cirrhosis? a liver disease that exhausts the liver such as the effects of alcoholism 1. What is the function of the large intestine? The large intestine is in charge of absorbing water keeping the body hydrated and moving waste through the cecum into the coon and out the rectum! 2. Briefly describe the disorders of the large intestine: diarrhea, constipation, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, IBS, IBD, polyps, cancer. Diarrhea: when the large intestine does not absorb enough water before a bowel movement. Constipation is an inability to have a bowel movement because too much water was absorbed. Diverticulosis little pouches of mucosa in the bowel movement. IBS is a syndrome of intense muscular contractions in the rectum. IBD is inflammatory of the large intestine parts. Polyps are build ups in the colon that can be cancerous. Cancer can spread in the colon from polyps if they are not removed promptly.
 * Chapter 8 Digestive System**
 * 8.1 Overview of Digestion**
 * 8.2 First Part of the Digestive Tract**
 * 8.3 Stomach and Small Intestine**
 * 8.4 Three accessory organs.**
 * 8.5 Large Intestine**