Digestive+System+and+Nutrition+Problems+SLS

September 5, 2008 Science-Human Bio**
 * Shelby Smith


 * Digestive System and Nutrition Problems (Book Assignment)**

Appendicitis is where the appendix, a worm shaped blind tube projecting from the first part of the large intestine on the right side of the abdomen, becomes inflamed and it is dangerous because if it bursts it can result in a life threatening infection of the peritoneum called peritonitis.
 * 1. What is appendicitis and why is it dangerous? p. 145**

Dentals caries are forms of tooth decay such as cavities and it is when bacteria within the mouth metabolize sugar and gives off acid. You can prevent tooth caries by eating a limited amount of sweets, and brushing your teeth daily.
 * 2. What are dental carries? What causes them and how can they be prevented? p. 146**

Heartburn is occurs because of acid reflux, which is when acids from the stomach escape into the esophagus and cause a burning sensation. Heartburn can be prevented by not overeating, eating smaller meals avoiding high-fat meals, and light exercise.
 * 3. What is hearburn? And how can it be prevented? p. 148**

Lactose intolerance is where people cannot digest lactose due to the lack of the enzyme lactase which breaks down lactose. The symptoms of lactose intolerance are gas, bloating and cramps.
 * 4. What is lactose intolerance? What are the symptoms? 150**

Gall stones are when liquid stored in the gallbladder hardens into pieces of stonelike material.
 * 5. What are gallstones? p.152**

Jaundice is when bile pigments leak into the blood causing a yellowish tint to the whites of the eyes and turning the skin of light-pigmented people yellow as well.
 * 6. What is jaundice? p. 153**

Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. Hepatitis A is usually contracted from untreated water, where Hepatitis B is from sexual contact.
 * 7. What is hepatitis? p. 153**

Cirrhosis is where the organ becomes fatty, usually due to excessive amounts of alcohol, and then the liver tissue is replaced by inactive fibrous scar tissue.
 * 8. What is Cirrhosis? p. 153**

Diarrhea is usually caused by an infection of the lower intestinal tract and nervous stimulation. Dehydration and occasional disturbances to the heart due to an imbalance of salt in the blood.
 * 9. What causes diarrhea and what are the symptoms, effects? p. 154**

Constipation is where the feces are dry and hard. Eating fiber and drinking water can relieve constipation.
 * 10. What is constipation? What can help ease constipation? p. 154**

Hemorrhoids is when chronic constipation causes enlarged and enflamed blood vessels at the anus. Other causes are pregnancy, aging and anal intercourse.
 * 11. What are hemrrhoids? p. 155**

Diverticulosis is occurrence of little pouches of mucosa that have pushed out through weak spots in the muscularis.
 * 12. What is diverticulosis? p. 145, 155**

Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a condition where the muscularis contracts powerfully but without it’s normal coordination.
 * 13. What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome? p. 145, 155**

IBD is where ulcerative colitis, or ulcers erode the submucosal layer, where nerves and blood vessels are
 * 14. What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease? p. 145, 155**

Polyps are found in the colon when small growths arise from the epithelial lining. They can be cancerous because the are uncontrollable growths that are foreign to the body.
 * 15. What are polyps and how are they associated with cancer? p. 155**

Doctors look at one’s GI tract by endoscopy by means of a flexible tube and camera which is inserted into the GI tract, usually from the anus, but the patient may also swallow a pill sized camera called the PillCam.
 * 16. How do doctors look at your GI tract? (describe the pill cam and colonoscopy) p. 155**

Carbohydrates can be harmful if too many are consumed because they are then stored as fat which can cause obesity. They can also raise blood pressure due to the glucose.
 * 17. Can carbohydrates be harmful? p. 158**

Proteins can be harmful due to loss of calcium and over abundance of nitrogen in the body.
 * 18. Can proteins be harmful? p. 159**

Lipids have been known to cause a build up of plaque in major arteries leading to cardiovascular disease. Also lipids can cause harm to the liver due to an over abundance of cholesterol.
 * 19. Can lipids be harmful? p. 159**