AP+Vaccine+HW

7.4 Specific Defenses (pp.130-131) specific defense antigen
 * respond to antigen
 * Are molecules the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body
 * They are large particles, such as proteins
 * bacteria, viruses, molds, parasitic worms, abnormal plasma membrane proteins produce by cancer cells

special B cells called plasma cells
 * recognize antigens
 * protect us from antigens
 * produce plasma cells and memory cells
 * The plasma cells produce specific antibodies and the memory cells produce antibodies in the future
 * antibody-mediated immunity against pathogens
 * produced and mature in bone marrow

antibody
 * B- cell receptor (BCR)
 * directly recognize antigen and then undergo clonal selection

antibody mediated immunity
 * defense by B cells
 * activated B cells become plasma cells that produce antibodies

7.5 Acquired Immunity (pp.136-137) active immunity passive immunity vaccine antibody titer How was the hepatitis B vaccine prepared? (p.136) How could a vaccine be a contraceptive (form of birth control)? (p.332) How could a vaccine help fight cancer? (p.416) Is an AIDS vaccine possible? (p.351) Describe "setback" number 2. Describe setback number 3.
 * The individual alone produces antibodies against antigens
 * sometimes develops naturally after a person is infected with a pathogen
 * depends on the presence of memory B and T cells that can respond to lower doses of antigens
 * long lasting
 * the individual is given prepared antibodies to fight a disease
 * not produced by human plasma cells therefore it is temporary
 * sometimes used to prevent illness in someone who has been unexpectedly exposed to an infectious disease
 * substance that contain antigens to which the immune system responds to
 * they are pathogens
 * is after an immune response the body determines the amount of antibody present in a sample of plasma
 * by a mass production of proteins from pathogens
 * it can break down melanoma cells from two different sources
 * Yes, but it could only weaken, prevent or modify the disease b/c AIDS has a high mutation rate
 * HIV infects and destroys immune cells and it would be hard to create a vaccine to stimulate the immune cells that HIV is targeting.
 * HIV has a high mutation rate
 * Viruses are generally different and have different surface proteins making it hard to create a vaccine