Project+Notes+2+CH

=Outbreaks and Epidemics NOTES=
 * 1347-48: **Bubonic Plague, Black Death**:BLAIR http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_11.html
 * Originated in Central Asia, spread to Europe in the 1340's
 * Killed about 60% of European population
 * Spread through the rats on ships
 * Symptoms: blood poisoning and attacks lungs before rest of the body, bleeding, puss oozing out of sores called buboes-appearing in the neck, groin, and armpits
 * Victim dies usually within 4-5 days of infection
 * 1493: **Syphilis In Europe**: MASSEY http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_15.html
 * Spread to 20% of people in French cities
 * Some studies show disease came to America with Columbus
 * 1500s **Small Pox Epidemics among Native Americans**: EMILY http://www.historylink.org/essays/output.cfm?file_id=5100
 * Either severe or mild-no in between
 * In Native Americans about 30% had small pox
 * Native American infected European settlers
 * Transmission from inhaling virus from an infected person or through bodily fluids
 * 1854: **Cholera In London**:KAT http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_08.html
 * Major outbreak in London
 * Infection of the intestine
 * causes severe diarrhea
 * 4,675 died
 * John Snow figured out where cholera came from
 * 1918: **Flu Pandemic**:CHANDLER [|http://www.pbs.Outorg/wgbh/nova/sciencenow/3318/02.html]
 * 1975-76: **Lyme Disease In Connecticut**:PATRICIA http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_12.html
 * 1977-scientist linked symptoms of the disease to bacterium, borrelia
 * caused by changed in the environment in Conn.
 * industrialized
 * also population increased
 * treatments: vaccine was taken off the market in 2001 and antibiotics are used now
 * called "great imitator"
 * Originated in Old Lyme, CT
 * 1976: **Legionnaire's Disease In Philadelphia**: KEATON http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_06.html
 * none heard
 * Lives in warm environments
 * Spread in areas of water
 * 18,000 people in the U.S. get it annually
 * some have symptoms: fever, chills, cough, muscle ache, tiredness, loss of appetite, loss of coordination, and more
 * Smokers are at higher risk
 * 1992: **E. coli outbreaks In Western U.S**.: DEDE http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_14.html
 * Outbreak in 1993 from Jack In The Box
 * Symptoms: diarrhea, abdominal pain, kidney failure, and death
 * Jack in the Box outbreak: 1993-600 people were afflicted
 * One victim was 9 years old nearly died had 3 strokes, and 10,000 seizures
 * today she lives a far from normal life
 * 1993: **Cryptosporidiosis In Milwaukee:**RJ http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_09.html
 * Outbreak in Milwaukee
 * Mostly transmitted through water (drinking or recreational)
 * Killed more than 100 and afflicted around 400,000
 * Disease was spread in water from a plant
 * Average number of stools per day was 12
 * 1980s To Today: **AIDS Worldwide**:CAROLINE http://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/epidemic/section_07/secseven_pg_16.html
 * Discovered in 80's
 * Spreads through birth and sex
 * Caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
 * No complete cure
 * Transmitted numerous ways
 * 33 million have AIDS worldwide
 * In 2007, 2.1 million people died of AIDS
 * 330,000 were children
 * 1990s to Today: **Ebola outbreaks**:HARRISON [|http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dvrd/Spb/mnpages/dispages/ebola.htm>]
 * Sever, often-fatal disease in humans and nonhuman primates
 * Appeared sporadically since its initial recognition in 1976
 * Only been in Africa
 * Virus believed to be zoonotic (animal-borne)
 * Some people can handle it and survive, while others are overwhelmed and die within 15 days usually
 * disease entails internal bleeding, whole body breaks down and bleeds
 * 2002: **SARS Outbreaks**:FAITH http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome
 * Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
 * Spread through sexual or casual contact
 * China and Canada among countries with the most prevalence of disease
 * Symptoms: flu-like symptoms-->fever, cough, sore throat, high fever, shortness of breath
 * these occur 2-10 days after exposure
 * First case was Nov. of 2002
 * 10% death rate
 * Present: **Avian (Bird) Flu Outbreaks**:BILL http://www.cdc.gov/flu/avian/outbreaks
 * Typical flu symptoms
 * Was in Thailand in 2004
 * Vietnam in 2005
 * Indonesia in 2006
 * Responsible for millions of poultry deaths
 * History of 206 human deaths
 * April 17, 2007 FDA approves vaccine that protects against human to human transmission of bird flu