DH+nutrition+homework

Read 2.4 Carbohydrates 2.5 Lipids 2.6 Proteins Answer the following questions... 1. What is the usual function of various carbohydrates in humans? //The usual function of various carbohydrates are for quick and short-term energy storage in all organisms.// 2. What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and a complex carbohydrate? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //A simply carbohydrate has a lover number or carbon atoms than a complex carbohydrate.// 3. What is starch? What is the source of starch? //Starch is a readily stored form of glucose in plants and animals. Starch can be found in starch food, such as potatoes, bread, and cake.// 4. What is "fiber" and of what benefit is it in the diet? //Fiber is a form of carbohydrate. Fiber benefits in diets because fiber adds bulk to fecal material, which stimulates movements of the large intestine, preventing constipation.// 5. Why does low-carb dieting work sometimes? But what are the risks? //It only works sometimes, but not all the times, because you need whole grain fibers in your diet.// 6. What is the function of fats and oils? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //Fats and oils are used for long-term energy storage, insulating agains heat lost, and fat forms a protective cushion around major organs.// 7. What are fats and oils composed of? //Fats are composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.// 8. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //A saturated fat has more hydrogens, like butter, an unsaturated fat has less hydrogens like oil. That is why unsaturated fats are more likely to be liquids.// 9. What are the uses of phospholipids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //The use of phospholipids in the body is because they are the primary components of cellular membranes.// 10. What are the uses of steroids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //Steroids react differently. The steroids in males, make testosterone while the steroids in females make estrogen. They give us our masculinity or femininity.// 11. Why do we need fat in our diet? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //We need fat in our diet because without fat, our body would shut down. If we didn't have fat in our bodies, our organs wouldn't be padded and there would be no place for protein to go.// 12. What are the major functions of proteins in organisms? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //The major functions of proteins in organisms are to support, transport, defend, and motion. Proteins make up our skin, nails, hair, enzymes, hormones, and they allow substances to enter and exit cells.// 13. What is the subunit of a protein? How do they get their name? //The subunit of a protein is an amino acid. They get their name because the central carbon atom in an amino acid bonds to a hydrogen atom and also to three other groups of atoms. The name amino acid is appropriate because of one of these groups is NH2 (amino group) and COOH (an acid group)// 14. How does the shape of a protein relate to its function? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES //Every different type of protein has a different shape. This relates to its function because the proteins have to match up with the amino acids...if they didn't have a unique shape, then the match ups would be completely wrong.//