DH+diabetes+notes


 * **__Diabete__s** is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Insulin is a hormone made by the pancreas that the body uses to convert the food that you eat into energy needed for daily life.
 * digestive enzymes are produced in the pancreas, and are used in the small intestine
 * when you eat, your body breaks down food into sugar
 * sugar is used as a __source of energy__ by your body
 * sugar travels through the bloodstream to reach all the cells in your body
 * sensing that you have eaten, your pancreas releases insulin
 * insulin takes the sugar from the blood into your body cells to be used as energy
 * this energy supports all of your body's function needed to stay alive
 * what has sugar?
 * carbohydrates (most foods are going to have carbs in them)
 * bread, pasta, candy (pure sugar), processed foods
 * fruits (good sugars)
 * on the membrane of the cell there is a special protein that can match the insulin. the insulin is a hormone and the other protein that is on the surface of the cell is called a receptor. the receptor is like the lock and the hormone insulin is like the key. if the insulin key matches the receptor lock on the cell, then another protein will open up. it's a channel. Now glucose can get into the cell.
 * A cells needs glucose for energy
 * If you don't have insulin, then your cells cant get energy, and all the glucose will be in your blood
 * If your cells don't have the receptor, same thing will happen
 * Type 1, you don't have insulin. Type 2, you don't have the receptor (or a problem with the receptor)
 * Type 1 diabetes is a disease in which the body doesn't not make insulin. Type 1 diabetes accounts for five to ten percent of al cases of diabetes. It is usually diagnosed in children and young adults and lasts for the person's whole life. People with type 1 diabetes take insulin daily. THey also need to keep their blood sugar in a target range by balancing insulin with a meal plan and exercise
 * Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 to 95 percent of all cases of diabetes and most often occurs in middle-aged or older adults. People with type 2 diabetes manage their diabetes by using a meal plan, being active and taking diabetes medicines if needed.
 * insulin resistance
 * insulin is a signal
 * too much glucose, too much insulin
 * if you have high glucose in your blood, the glucose gets put into the urine. You can do a blood test to see how much is in the blood. You can do the same test with urine.
 * one symptom is frequent urination, and sweet urine
 * High levels of blood sugar can damage small blood vessels throughout the body such as in the eyes, the kidneys and in the nerves in your feet. High blood sugar can also harm large blood vessels, including those in your heart.
 * high blood sugar can lead to long-tern problems sucah as
 * vision problems, kidney disease, foot problems, heart disease: including heart attack, stroke