Cell+Division+hw-+kat

INCLUDE AN IMAGE THAT SHOWS THE CELL CYCLE 1. What are the three stages of interphase. Describe each phase.
 * 1) **G1 Stage** is when a cell doubles its organelles and it accumulates the materials needed for DNA synthesis. Various proteins are needed to change chromatin into chromosomes. A chromosome contains both proteins called histones and DNA.
 * 2) **S Stage** is when DNA replication occurs. Because DNA replication occurs each chromosome consists of two identical DNA double helix molecules. These molecules occur in the strands called sister chromatids.
 * 3) **G2 Stage** is when the cell synthesizes the proteins needed for cell division, such as the protein found in microtubules.
 * 4) [[image:cell_cycle.jpg]]

2. How does interphase prepare a cell for cell division? A cell prepares for cell division by duplicating DNA and getting proteins.

3. Define: mitosis, sister chromatids, centromere, cytokinesis, apoptosis 18.2 INCLUDE LABELED IMAGES OF THE PHASES OF MITOSIS 4. Following mitosis, how does the chromosome number of the daughter cell compare with the chromosome number of the parent cell? __The parent cell divides which makes up the daughter cells__. Because the parent cell and daughter have the same number and kinds of chromosomes, that are genetically identical. 5. What are the phases of mitosis and what happens during each phase?
 * Mitosis: a type of nuclear division where each new cell contains the same number and kind of chromosomes as a former cell.
 * Sister Chromatids: are DNA double helix molecules
 * Centromere: where the sister chromatids are connected.
 * Cytokinesis: a type of cytoplasmio
 * **Early Prophase**: centrosomes have duplicated. Chromatin is condensing into chromosomes, and the nuclear envelope is fragmenting.
 * **Prophase**: nucleolus has disappeared, and duplicated chromosomes are visible. Centrosomes begin moving apart, and spindle is in process of forming.
 * **Early Metaphase**: Each chromati is attached to a spindle fiber. Some spindle fibers stretch form each spindle pole and overlap.
 * **Metaphase**: centromeres of duplicated chromosomes are aligned at the equator. Spindle fibers attached to the sister chromatids come from opposite spindle poles.
 * **Anaphase**: Sister chromatids part and become daughter chromosomes that move toward the spindle poles. Each pole receives that same number and kinds of chromosomes as the parent cell.
 * **Telophase**: daughter cells are forming as nuclear envelopes and nucleoli reappear. Chromosomes will become indistinct chromatin.
 * [[image:mitosis.jpg]]

6. How is the cytoplasm divided between the daughter cells following mitosis? The cytoplasm is divided between the daughter cells by cytokinesis, which follows mitosis.

7. Define: parent cell, daughter cell, diploid, centrosome, mitotic spindle, centrioles.
 * **Parent Cell**: Cells the divides
 * **Daughter Cell**: The new cells.
 * **Diploid**: The complete number of chromosomes.
 * **Centrosome**: The microtubule organizing center of the cell.
 * **Mitotic Spindle**: Where they assemble the microtubules that make up spindle fibers.
 * **Cetrioles**: Short cylinders of microtubules that are present in centrosomes.

8. What is the importance of mitosis and how is the process controlled? The importance of mitosis is the duplicate cells so new cells are made. This process is controlled by apoptosis, which is when a cell kills itself. This makes sure our body doesn't have too many cells.