Digestive+System+and+Nutrition+HW+DW

Digestive System and Nutrition Problems (Book Assignment)

1. What is appendicitis and why is it dangerous? p. 145 Appendicitis is when the appendix becomes inflamed with an infection. If the appendix was to burst the result is peritonitis, a life threatening infection of the peritoneum. 2. What are dental carries? What causes them and how can they be prevented? p. 146 Dental carriers are simply tooth decay, such as cavities, and it occurs when a within the mouth metabolizes sugar and give off acids, which erode the teeth. It can be prevented by eating less sugars and daily brushing/flossing. For children fluoride treatments can make the teeth enamel stronger and resist decay. 3. What is hearburn? And how can it be prevented? p. 148 Heart burn is when the acid from the stomach comes up through the esophagus, and causes a burning sensation. It is imperative to know that heart burn does not occur in the heart, rather it is behind the heart. Hear burn could be prevented by a controlled diet and light exercise. There are also over the counter medicines which are basic and neutralize stomach acid, and prevent the pain. 4. Wath is lactose intolerance? What are the symptoms? 150 The inability to digest lactose, due to the fact that the brush border enzyme lactase is not present in the stomach. Symptoms include diarrhea, gas, bloating, and abdominal cramps after drinking milk and other dairy products. 5. What are gallstones? p.152 When liquid from the gallbladder harden into pieces of stone-like material. 6. What is jaundice? p. 153 It is a disease that comes from the liver. bile pigments leak into the blood. Jaundice is a yellowish tint to the whites of the eyes and also to the skin of a light-skinned person. It can be a result of hepatitis. 7. What is hepatitis? p. 153 Hepatitis is simply inflammation of the liver. there are several typer including viral hepatitis, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C. 8. What is Cirrhosis? p. 153 Another chronic disease of the liver, because it causes the liver to become like fatty tissue. Then the liver forms inactive scar tissue. It usually occurs in people who are obese or alcoholics. 9. What causes diarrhea and what are the symptoms, effects? p. 154 Infections of the lower intestinal tract and nervous stimulation cause diarrhea. In infections such as food poisoning the body takes water from the blood and releases it so that a bowl movement occurs. The result is runny waste from the rectum. It could cause dehydration. 10. What is constipation? What can help ease constipation? p. 154 Constipation is when the feces is hard and dry. It usually occurs when a person resist the urges to deficate, but fiber and water can induces a down movement. 11. What are hemrrhoids? p. 155 Enlarged and inflamed blood vessels at the end of the anus. 12. What is diverticulosis? p. 145, 155 Diverticulosis is the occurance of little puches of mucosa that have pushed out of through weak spots in the muscularis. A frequent site is the last part of the descending colon. 13. What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome? p. 145, 155 IBS is the condition in which the muscularis contracts powerfully but without its normal coordination. the symptoms include abdominal cramps, gas, and urgent explosive stools. 14. What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease? p. 145, 155 It is a combination of several inflammitory diseases including ulcerative coltis and crohn's disease. 15. What are polyps and how are they associated with cancer? p. 155 Polyps are small growths arising from the epithelail lining. they are the beging stages of cancer, but can be removed surgically. 16. How do doctors look at your GI tract? (describe the pill cam and colonoscopy) p. 155 They do endoscopy, which is a flexible tube with a camera attatched. they insert it into the GI tract, usually from he anus. Now they use the pill cam, which is a camera you swallow by mouth. 17. Can carbohydrates be harmful? p. 158 Yes carbohydrates can be harmful because too many could cause obesity due to the high intake of the carbs and frutose sweetners. 18. Can proteins be harmful? p. 159 Yes it can be harmful to have too many or to little. Too many could cause kidney stones. 19. Can lipids be harmful? p. 159 Lipds could be very harmful when in excess because they can clog arteries and cause cardio vascular disease.