HB+DNA+Review

=Chapter 21 DNA Biology=

complementary paired bases

 * A pairs with T, by forming two hydrogen bonds, and G pairs with C, by forming three hydrogen bonds, or vice versa. This is called complementary paired bases. BASE PAIRS: 3 billion base pairs in human dna.

mutation

 * A replication error that persists is a mutation, a permanent change in the sequence of bases that can possibly cause a change in the phenotype and introduce variability. A Change in the genetic sequence of base pairs.

messenger RNA

 * Messenger RNA is produced in the nucleus, and a portion of DNA (a gene) also serves as a template for its production.

transcription

 * the second step of gene expression. **A copy of a gene is made, during transcription, a strand of mRNA forms that is complementary to a portion of DNA**

translation

 * **Translation means to put information into a different language that of a protein. Protein synthesis requires the process of translation**

**codon**

 * Each three letter (base) unit of an mRNA molecule is called a codon.

If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary DNA strand be?

 * CGGTACTGG

If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary mRNA strand be?

 * CGGUACUGG

What is the structure of a protein?

 * The primary structure of a protein is the sequence of its amino acids.

What functions do proteins perform?

 * Proteins determine structure and function of the various cells in the body, and some of those in the plasma membrane serve as human recognition proteins, as mentioned in the opening story.

If a mRNA had the codon sequence AUU GCG UGG, name the three amino acids that would be linked.

 * Threonine, Alaline, Lysine

What evidence with respect to DNA suggests that all living things are related and share a common ancestor?

 * They all use the same genetic code.

Where does transcription occur and what is the product?

 * Occurs in the nucleus. the DNA triplet code is passed to an mRNA that contains a three letter code called codons.

Where does translation occur and what is the product?

 * Occurs in the Cytoplasm at the ribosimes. Proteins are the product