Hormone+notes-+kat

=Hormones= Two kinds of hormones They are slower than nerve impulses because they travel through the blood. Types of hormones: How does a hormone cell work? Where are the hormones released and secreted? Where are target cells? Study: drug can curb breast cancer recurrence Diabetes is when the body doesn't produce insulin
 * steroid--> lipid based, go through the fatty membrane
 * peptide--> protein based, can not go through fatty membrane, have to be on the surface
 * Estrogen
 * Testosterone
 * Melatonin
 * 1) a secreting cell secretes hormones into the blood
 * 2) the hormone travels through the blood (throughout entire body and hormone ends up everywhere)
 * 3) hormones go by every cell in the body
 * 4) target cells have special proteins that are receptors to pick up hormones
 * 5) cells that don't have the special proteins are not considered receptors
 * 6) hormone= key, receptor= lock
 * They come from **Glands!**
 * **Pineal gland**
 * **hypothalamus/ pituitary**
 * **thyroid gland**
 * **thymus**
 * **adrenal gland- adrenaline**
 * **pancreas- insulin**
 * **ovaries- estrogen**
 * **testes- testosterone**
 * Where are adrenaline target cells?
 * the heart cells and brain cells have adrenaline receptors
 * Where are insulin target cells?
 * muscle cells have insulin receptors
 * **once you have eat, your body digests the food and releases sugar (glucose) into your body**
 * __**the pancreas detects the sugar and releases insulin into the blood as well**__
 * **__when the insulin finds a cell with an insulin receptor, it attaches and allows the sugar to be taken in to the cell for energy__**
 * Where are estrogen target cells?
 * breast cells have estrogen receptors
 * (blocking estrogen receptors can prevent cancer)
 * Letrozole is an estrogen receptor blocker
 * insulin comes from the pancreas
 * Type 1 diabetes**
 * when the body doesn't produce insulin, hormone (no key)
 * 5-10% of diabetes cases are type 1
 * __you get it when you're a child__ __(__give insulin injections)
 * Type 2 diabetes**
 * there is no receptor for the hormone (no lock)
 * 90-95% of diabetes cases are type 2
 * you get it when you're over weight and an adult (try to loose weight, diet and exercise)
 * **//Insulin Resistance//**--> when body can't use the insulin it produces properly.
 * Insulin and insulin receptor cannot make a connection
 * Problem with the receptor


 * __Diabetes Mellitus (urine sugar) notes from video__**
 * __Symptoms__:
 * is high blood sugar (hyperglycemia)
 * can effect the eyes, kidneys, and nerves in the feet
 * also harm large blood vessels, including the heart
 * urinate a lot--> due to hyperglycemia, causes kidneys to put sugar in urine. water form blood enters urine to dilute urine.
 * thirsty--> due to urination a lot and dehydration
 * vision blurred
 * tired
 * __Long-term problems__:
 * vision problems- when high blood sugar damages vessels found in the eye
 * kidney disease- when high blood sugar damages tiny blood vessels in kidneys
 * foot problems- high blood sugar can damage tiny blood vessels in the feet
 * heart disease (including heart attack)- diabetes can change some of the substances in the blood causing the opening in the blood vessels to narrow or completely clog up.
 * stroke- same as heart