digestion

.1 Overview of Digestion 1. Name and describe the three processes that occur during the digestive process. Ingestion- the process of putting food in our mouths. We ingest food on a daily basis. Digestion- A mechanical or chemical way of breaking up our food. Our body uses enzymes to break up the food that we ingest. Movement- The GI tract moves the food that we have ingested along to the muscles and proper areas. 2. What are the four layers of the GI tract? Associate an illness with each of the layers. Describe the illness. Mucosa- Diverticulosis Submucosa-IBD Muscularis-IBS Serosa- appendicitis

8.2 The First Part of the Digestive Tract Define the following vocab... palate- the roof roof of our mouths is the hard palate and the more toward the back is the soft palate salivary glands-send juices by the way of the ducts to the mouth. 3 pairs. dental carries-Tooth decay periodontitis- loose of bone and weakening of teeth pharynx- the area that the mouth and nasal passages lead to. esophagus- a long narrow wind pipe glottis-theopening to the larynx epiglottis- a flap of cartilage at the root of the tongue, which is depressed during swallowing to cover the opening of the windpipe. peristalsis- a rythmic contraction sphincters- muscles that act as valves. diaphragm- a muscle that separates the thoracic and abdominal muscles

3. Describe the mecahnical and chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth. The chemical happens with the salvary glands. They use saliva which is a solutionof mucus and water that contains bicarbonate and an enzyme called salicary amylase that begins the process of digesting starch. Mechanical occurs when out teethe chew the food into smaller pieces convenient for swallowing. 4. What ordinarily prevents food from entering the nose or entering the trachea when you swallow? When food is swallowed, the tongue pushes a bolusof food up against the soft palate. THen the soft palate closes off thenasal cavities, and the epiglottis closes off the larynx so the food enters the esophagus.

Health Focus Heartburn (p148) 5. What causes the burning sensation associated with heartburn? It is due to acid reflux, because the stomach is very acidic. the contents from your stomach rides up the esophagus and causes a burning sensation. That burning sensation occurs behind the heart, which is why most people associate it with the heart. 6. What is GERD? How is it different from heartburn? GERD is gastroesophageal reflux disease. It is different from heart burn because it is more sever as far as pain. people with this disease have difficulty swallowing because the esophagus does not contract as well as those without the disease. They may experience a choking sensation and it is worse when they lie down, and the pain worse than regular heart burn. 7. Describe two ways drugs treat GERD. A person with GRED could take over the counter medicine, which is basic and it would neutralize the acid in the stomach. a person could also modufy their diet. 8. Describe ways to avoid hearburn that do not involve drugs. Avoid fatty meals, because they stay in the stomach longer and produce more acid in the stomach. Avoid overeating, because vomiting goes through the same process of acid reflux. Have several smaller meals rather than three large meals, because that lessens the chances of alcohol or fat from cakes. One should try complex carbohydrates, because hey could help control acid reflux. And the final thing is a light exercise. digestion hw dw