nutrition

Read 2.4 Carbohydrates 2.5 Lipids 2.6 Proteins Answer the following questions... 1. What is the usual function of various carbohydrates in humans?
 * Carbohydrates function for qiuick and short- term energy storage for humans.

2. What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and a complex carbohydrate? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * A simple carbohydrate is low carbon in the molecule(three to seven). It is also a simple sugar. A complex carbohydrate is a starch, glycogen or cellulose, and they all contain many glucose units.

3. What is starch? What is the source of starch?
 * A starch is readily stored forms of glucose in plants and animals. The source of starch is flower. We eat starchy foods like potatoes, bread, and cake, and therefore glucose enters the bloodstream.

4. What is "fiber" and of what benefit is it in the diet?
 * Fiber is polysaccharide cellulose and it is found in plant cell walls, and the glucose is linked differently from starches or glycogen. We are unable to digest foods containing this linkage, and therefore cellulose largely passes through our digestive system tract as fiber. Fiber can help clean our your system of any unnecessary “junk” that our body cannot break down. Foods that are high in fiber are beans, peas, nuts, fruits, and vegetables. Fiber are moved from grains. Fiber can protect you from heart disease.

5. Why does low-carb dieting work sometimes? But what are the risks?
 * Because scientists can point to countries in which the diet is 60-70% high-fiber carbohydrates, and those people have a low incidence of heart disease and cancer. THIS IS WHY A LOW CARB DIET IS BAD BECAUSE YOU WOULDN'T GET THIS BENEFIT

6. What is the function of fats and oils? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * Fats are used for long term energy storage, it insulates against heat loss and it forms a protective cushion around major organs. Some examples of fats and oils are lard and butter, corn oil and soybean oil.

7. What are fats and oils composed of?
 * Fats are composed of animal origin like lard and fat, and oils are composed of plant origin like corn oil and soybean oils. WHAT ARE THEY COMPOSED OF (NOT ORIGIN)

8. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES Saturated fats are fats that have no double bonds between the carbon atoms. They cause lipid material called plaque to accumulate inside blood vessels. Saturated fats are associated with cardiovascular disease. Unsaturated fats are fats that have double bonds in the carbon chain wherever the number of hydrogen’s is less that two per carbon. Saturated fats are generally in oils like cooking oils or bottle margarines. Unsaturated fats are particularly monounsaturated oils, but also polyunsaturated.

9. What are the uses of phospholipids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * They contain both phosphate and nitrogen. NOT NITROGEN They form the polar head of the molecule. They are primary components of cellular membranes, they spontaneously form a bilayer in which the hydrophilic heads face outward toward watery solutions and the tail form the hydrophobic interior.

10. What are the uses of steroids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * Steroids are cholesterols. It allows the body to have more cholesterol than the body already has made. It reduces the blood flow. People usually take steroids to improve their muscle. They want to build muscle. The side effects are harmful. Females= estrogen in the ovaries, males= testosterone in the testes. It has a profound effect on the body and the sexuality of humans and animals.

11. Why do we need fat in our diet? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * Fat provide our body with energy to get us through our days. Fat allows our bodies to grow and give it the correct nutrition to function. Fats are proteins and it makes our skin look healthy and our hair will grow healthy. Fats help our hormones, and our activity throughout the day. Fats help our defense system.

12. What are the major functions of proteins in organisms? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * Structural protein: Support: proteins that make up hair and nails and collagen, which alos support ligaments, tendons and skin.
 * Enzymes: Bring reactants together and spread chemical reactions to cells.
 * Transport: carrier proteins in the plasma membrane allowing substances to leave and enter the cell. Transport oxygen and heps the red blood cells.
 * Defense: Antibodies prevent antigens from destroying cells and upsetting homeostasis.
 * Hormones: regulate proteins. Help the metabolism of cells. Regulates the glucose in the blood stream. Helps your grow tall.
 * Motion: Helps your muscles to move and contract.

13. What is the subunit of a protein? How do they get their name?
 * Amino acids are protein subunits. The name amino acid is appropriate because one of these groups is an NH2( an amino group) and another is a COOH( and acid group) The third group is the R group.

14. How does the shape of a protein relate to its function? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * Proteins cannot function unless hey have their usually shape. When proteins are exposed to heat and pH, they change shape called denaturation. Alzheimer disease and Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease develop. Milk will curdle and that heating causes egg whites which contain proteins called albumin to coagulate.