NN+Vaccine+HW


 * 7.4**
 * 1) define and describe specific defense **Specific defenses come in when the nonspecific defenses fail to kill an infection. Specific defenses use B and T cells, and there is a different cell for every possible type of antigen.**
 * 2) define and describe antigen **An antigen is a cell that is recognized as foreign to the body. An antigen could be parts of a bacteria, or virus, it could also be an abnormal protein with plasma membrane.**
 * 3) define and describe plasma cells **A protein that comes from a B cell. These cells flow through the blood and produce antibodies.**
 * 4) define and describe antibodies **A cell that has an identical BCR to the B cell that is responding to an infection. Some of the clones of B cells become memory cells. Memory cells remember how to react to a certain antigen for long term immunity**
 * 5) define and describe antibody meditated immunity


 * 7.5**
 * 1) define and describe active immunity **Active immunity is when the person themselves produce an antibody to fight a disease, to help this form of immunity, a person can take a vaccine.**
 * 2) define and describe passive immunity **Passive immunity is when a person is injected with the antibodies to fight a certain disease.**
 * 3) define and describe vaccine **A vaccine is traditionally a less violent form of the virus being prevented. However, lately the vaccines have been engineered to form proteins from the pathogens.**
 * 4) define and describe antibody titer **The amount of antibodies present in a given sample of plasma.**

How was the hepatitis B vaccine prepared? (p.136) **The vaccine is formed by causing the bacteria to produce a protein from the pathogens.** How could a vaccine be a contraceptive (form of birth control)? (p.332) **There are vaccines that prevent a hormone called HCG, which is a hormone that is important to the embryo being implanted, there is also a vaccine being developed that is an antisperm vaccine.**

How could a vaccine help fight cancer? (p.416) **There is a vaccine called Melacine that has broken melanoma cells from two sources. However, this vaccine is under investigation.** THE VACCINE WOULD CONTAIN ANTIGENS FOUND IN THE CANCER CELLS. TO HELP BODY RECOGNIZE CANCER CELLS. Is an AIDS vaccine possible? (p.351) **Yes, a vaccine against certain types of HIV is possible, however, it may not protect against other types of HIV.**
 * Describe "setback" number 2. **There are too many different types of HIV, and it is always changing. A vaccine that targets one form of HIV may not work on another type of HIV.**
 * Describe setback number 3. **The vaccine may not be permanent, people may have to come back every year to get a "booster shot" like they do for the flu.**