Immune+System+HW+CH

=Immune System= =SCI Human Biology - 2= =Assigned: 4/2 Due: 4/7= =Immune System Homework. (These answers require you to summarize information. Most should be more than one sentence. Images will help.)=

PATHOGENS
Bateria are single celled prokaryotes that do not have nuclei. They are found in three shapes: bacillus (rod shaped), coccus (spherical shaped), and spirillum (curved shaped). They have a cell wall that holds amino-disaccharide. Bacteria are independent cells that have DNA packaged in a chromosom that occupies the center of the cell. Genes are what make it possible for bacteria to be resistant to antibiotics.
 * 1. What is a pathogen?**
 * Any disease-producing microorganism or material
 * 2. What are the body's three lines of defense against pathogens?**
 * 1) Entry barriers (ex. skin and mucous membranes)
 * 2) Inflammatory Response
 * 3) Protective proteins
 * 3. Write a one paragraph summary of bacteria.**

Viruses are the in between of the living and non-living (biotic and abiotic). Viruses are basically just chemicals that have no purpose. They have to have a host to actually //do// anything. When they get inside hosts however, they replicate. They are acellular, meaning not made of cells. They don't live independently because they are what are called "obligate parasites." Viruses cause diseases such as colds, flu, measles, chicken pox, polio, rabies, AIDS, genital warts, and genital herpes.
 * 4. Write a one paragraph summary of viruses.**


 * 5. What is an emerging virus?**
 * An emerging virus is a virus coming about in the body. In some cases, they came from transportation from one location to another where the virus has never been prior. Many viral diseases emerge through vectors, mostly insects. The bugs carry the disease from an infected person to another uninfected person. Also, a virus can emerge with mutations that let a virus use new and different vectors. Finally, they can emerge because of the inability of the immune system to recognize a change in the virus.

IMMUNE SYSTEM

 * 6. What is an antibody? What do they do?**
 * An antibody is a protein produced in response to the presence of an antigen
 * They combine with a specific antigen


 * 7. What is B Cell?**
 * An antigen that produces plasma cells and Memory B cells
 * 8. What is a Cytotoxic T Cell?**
 * An antigen that kills cancer infected and virus cells
 * 9. What is a Helper T Cell?**
 * An antigen that regulates immunity
 * 10. What is an antigen? How does the body respond to an antigen?**
 * A foreign substance, which is usually a protein or a polysaccharide, that stimulates the immune system to produce antibodies.