Contraception+Questions+SLS

November 3, 2008 Science-Human Bio **
 * Shelby Smith

**Contraceptives ** **Define Contraceptives. **Medications and devices that reduce the chance of pregnancy.

**2. p. 331 What is an oral contraceptive (birth control pill)? How do work? (Talk about he hormones.) ** An oral contraceptive is a combination of estrogen and progesterone for the first 21 days, followed by 7 inactive pills. They shut down the pituitary production of both FHS and LH so that no follicle can develop in the ovary.

**3. p. 332 What is an IUD? How does it prevent pregnancy? ** An IUD is an intrauterine device which is a small piece of molded plastic that is inserted into the uterus by a physician.

**4. Chart on p. 333. How does an Intrauterine device copper T work? How effective is it? What are the health risks? ** Causes cervical mucus to thicken; fertilized embryo cannot implant. 99% effective, and the health risks are cramps, bleeding, infertility, and perforation of the uterus. **What does perforation mean? ** A hole made by boring or piercing.

**5. Chart on p. 333. How does an Intrauterine device progesterone releasing type work? What does the progesterone do that the IUD copper T device can't do? How does progesterone do this? ** It prevents ovulation; causes cervical mucus to thicken; fertilized embryo cannot implant. It prevents ovulation, it is 99% effective and it’s cramps, bleeding and infertility.

**6. Look at the pictures on page 331. What does an IUD look like? How big is it relative to the uterus? **It is as big as the uterus.

**7. p. 332. What is a diaphragm? When is it inserted? What must you use with the diaphragm for it to be effective? ** A diaphragm is a soft latex cup with a flexible rim that lodges behind the pubic bone and fits over the cervix. It can be inserted into the vagina no more than 2 hours before sexual relation. You must use it with a special jelly.
 * 8. p. 332. What is the difference between a diaphragm and a cervical cap? ** The cervical cap is a minidiaphragm.

**9. Look at the pictures on page 331. What does a diaphragm look like? How big is it? What is being added to it in the picture? ** A diaphragm can fit inside the palm of your hand and the jelly is being inserted into it.

**10. Chart on page 333. How do the diaphragm and cervical cap work? How effective are they with spermicide? What are the health risks? What is toxic shock syndrome? (you will need to look this up on the internet) ** They block the entrance of sperm into uterus, spermicidal kills sperm. 90% effective with spermicide, TSS is a bacterial infection caused by tampons or other foreign objects in the vagina.

**11. Chart on p. 333. Other than abstinence, what are the only contraceptives that protect against STDS? Why do you think this is the case? ** There are no contraceptives that fully protect one against pregnancy or STD’s. This is because when you have sex with someone, it is possible to contract an STD.

**12. Chart on p. 333. How effective is the male condom? female condom? Why do you think one is more effective than the other? ** The male condom is 89% effective, and the female condom is only 79% effective.

**13. p. 332. What hormone do contraceptive implants contain? How big are the implants? Where are they located? How long are they effective? ** They utilize a synthetic progesterone to prevent ovulation by disrupting the ovarian cycle. They are surgically implanted in the woman’s upper arm, and they are effective for three years.

**14. p. 332. What is injected in a contraceptive injection? How long is this effective? ** They are available as progesterone only and they are effective for three months to a few weeks.

**15. p. 332. Some contraceptive vaccines are being developed. In this case, you would train your body's immune system to attack something. What could a contraceptive vaccine get your body's own cells to attack? ** Foreign objects or sperm.

**16. p. 332 (see picture too) What is a vasectomy? How is it done? What are the effects? ** A vasectomy brings about sterilization, and it is done by sealing the vas deferens on each side, and the effects are complete sterility.

**17. p. 332 (see picture too) What is a tubal ligation? How is it done? What are the effects? ** Tubal ligation is done by cutting and sealing the oviducts. The effects are complete sterility.

**18. p. 332 What is RU-486? How does it work? (role of progesterone) ** Mifepristone, is a pill that is presently used to cause the loss on an implanted embryo by blocking the progesterone receptor proteins of endometrial cells.