19.1-+rebecca

1. what characteristics of cancer cels allow them to grow uncontrollably? cell division- and they share characteristics and each cancer cell can vary from each other.

2. Mutaions in what two types of genes lead to controllabe growth? proto-oncogenes and tumor- suppresser genes

3. What are teh most common types of cancer? Lung cancer- smoking. Colorectal cancer- digestive system, pancreas, stomach, esophagus, cardiovascular system- leukemia and plasma cell tumors. Thyroid cancer- endocrine system. Breast cancer- cervix, ovaries, prostate cancer. Bladder and kidney cancer. Skin cancer.

Apoptosis: cells with damage to their DNA undergo apoptosis- programmed cell death.

telemeres: a region of DNA at the end of a chromosome that protects the start of the genetic coding sequence against shorting during successive replication.

carcinogesis: The development of cancer is a multistage process that can be divided into 3 phases.

imitiation: a single cell undergoes a mutation that causes it to begin to divide repeatedly.

promotion- A tumor develops, the tumor cell continue to divide. As they divide they undergo mutations.

progression: one cell undergoes a mutation that gives it a selective advantage over the cells. This is repeated several times.

angiogenesis: a formation of a new blood vessels.

metastasis: when new tumors have come about because cells begin- far from the primary cells.

proto-oncogenes: code for proteins that promote the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis. They are often linked to the gas pedal of a car because they cause acceleration of the cell cycle.

Tumor: suppressor genes: code for proteins that ingabite the cell cycle and promote apoptosis. They are often linked to the breaks of the car because they inhabit acceleration.

cell growth: a signal that activates a cell- signaling pathway, resulting in cell division- receives a growth cell.

oncogenes: cancer causing genes over expression is teh result.

oncology: the study of cancer and medical specialists in cancer- is therefore known as oncologist.

oncologist: study/ specialists in cancer.

tumors: classified according to their place of origin.

caromonas are cancers of the epithelial tissues.

sarcamas are cancers that are in muscles and connect tissue, such as bone and fibers connective tissues.

leukemia’s are cancers of the blood.

lymphomas are cancers of lymphatic tissue.