digestive+systemgms

8.1 Overview of Digestion 1. Name and describe the three processes that occur during the digestive process. Ingestion – occurs when the mouth takes in food Digestion – mechanical and chemical processes break down food Apsoption – when unit molecules produced by digestion cross the wall of the gi tract Elimination – molecules that cannot be digested these wastes are removes in the form of feces 2. What are the four layers of the GI tract? Associate an illness with each of the layers. Describe the illness. Mucosa – where mucus is produced – diverticulosis – when portions of the mucosa have pushed threw other layers of the digestive tract Submucosa – inflammatory boewl disease – chronic diarrhea abdominal pain caused by inflamed lymphnodes Muscularis – irritable bowl syndrome – no known cause causees dirarreha and throwing up Serosa – appendicitis is caused by an inflamed appendix

8.2 The First Part of the Digestive Tract Define the following vocab... Palate – The roof of the mouth of humans and vertebrates salivary glands – secrete saliva dental carries – tooth decay periodontitis – loss of bone and loosening of teeth and gums pharynx – where the mouth and nasal passages come together esophagus – long narrow tube that takes food to the stomach glottis – the opining to the larynx, the air passage epiglottis – covers the glottis peristalsis – pushes the food along the esophagus sphincters – muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves diaphragm – a muscles that separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

3. Describe the mechanical and chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth. Mechanical – mechanical digestion – teeth chew food chemical digestion is from saliva salivary amylase chemical digestion of the mouth and it begins the process of digesting starch

4. What ordinarily prevents food from entering the nose or entering the trachea when you swallow? The epiglottis blocks off food from the nasal passages and trachea

Health Focus Heartburn (p148) 5. What causes the burning sensation associated with heartburn?

The burning sensation occurs in the area of the esophagus that lies beneath the heart. 6. What is GERD? How is it different from heartburn? GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is diagnosed when a patient has chronic heartburn or acid reflux. In GERD patiesnts reflux is more frequent. 7. Describe two ways drugs treat GERD drugs neutralize stomach acid because they a base other prescribed medication shut down acid production. 8. Describe ways to avoid hearburn that do not involve drugs. Eat healthy excersize