Stomach+&+intestines+AG

Allie Gruber Human Bio Field Period 1 September 4, 2008

8.3 Stomach to Small Intestine

stomach: a thick-walled, j-shaped organ that lies on the left side of the body beneath the diaphragm

rugae: the mucosa of the stomach has deep folds which disappear as the stomach fills to an approximate capacity of 1 liter

gastric glands: where the mucosa leads into that produces gastric juice

pepsin: enzyme that digests protein plus hydrochloric acid and mucus

small intestine: contains enzymes to digest all types of foods

duodenum: where enzymes are secreted by the pancreas and enter the duct

bile: emulsifies fat that causes fat droplets to disperse in water

lipase: fat digesting enzyme secreted by the pancreas

villus: gingerlike projections that give the intestinal wall a soft appearance

lacteal: a small lymphatic capillary

lactose intolerance: people who do not have the brush border enzyme called lactase cannot digest lactose

(1) What are the functions of the stomach? The stomach stores food, initiates the digestion of protein and controls the movement of chyme into the small intestine.

(2) What are the structures of the stomach that perform these functions and describe their role. The stomach structure includes the gastric pit which lead into gastric glands that produces gastric juice. It includes cells that secrete gastric juice.

(3) What are the functions of the small intestine? It contains enzymes to digest all types of foods.

(4) What are the structures of the small intestine that perform these functions and describe their role? The small intestine is made up of the duodenum where enzymes enter, the bile that emulsifies fat, and the lipase.

8.4 Three Accessory Organs and Regulation of Secretions

pancreas: an organ that stretches across the back of the abdomen behind the stomach and an endocrine gland that secretes the hormone insulin into the blood pancreatic amylase: digests strach

trypsin: dygests protein

lipase: digests fat

hormone: a substance produced by one set of cells that affects adifferent set of cells (target cells)

liver: the largest and a major metabolic gland in the body that receives blood from the capillary bed of the GI tract and filters blood in the lobules

bile: contains bilirubin, drerived from the breakdown of hemoglobin

bladder: organ attached to the liver that serves to store and concentrate bile

(5) What are the three main accessory organs that assist with the digestive process? Describe how each contributes to the digestion of food. The pancreas that is an endocrine glade that secretes the hormone insulin into the blood, the liver that serves as a storage organ that removes iron and certain vitamins from the blood and stores them, the gallbladder which serves to store and concentrate bile.

(6) How are digestive secretions regulated in the body? Nervous system & hormones.

8.5 The Large Intestine and Defecation

Large intestine: absorbs water and vitamins that keep the body from dehydration

Cecum: the blind end of the large intestine

Vermiform appendix: the small projection in the cecum

Colon: the major portion of the large intestine, consisting of the ascending colon, the transverse colon and the descending colon

(7) What are the different parts of the large intestine? Cecum, colon, rectum and anal canal

(8) What is the function of the large intestine? Absorbs water and vitamins, form feces and defecation.