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SCI Human Biology - 1 Assigned: 12/7 Due: 12/9 Specific Immunity 1. B cells and T cells have antigen receptors on their surface. What is an antigen receptor? (p. 130) 2. If the antigen is the key, what is the lock? (p.130) 3. How many types of antigen receptors does one T cell or B cell have? (p. 130) 4. How many different types of B cells and T cells do we need? Why? (p. 130) 5. How many different types of B cell and T cells do we have? (p. 130) 6. What is the special name for the antigen receptor on a B cell? (p. 131) 7. If an antigen and a B-cell receptor make a lock and key match, what does the B-cell do? (p. 131) 8. What does clonal expansion of the B-cells mean? When does this occur? (p. 131) 9. What are plasma cells? (p. 131) 10. What is an antibody with respect to the B-cell receptor? (p.131) 11. What are memory cells? (p. 131) 12. Why is B-cell defense called antibody mediated defense? (p.131) 13. How do antibodies fight infection? (p.132) 14. What is the name for the antigen receptor on a T-cell? (p. 134) 15. T cell receptors cannot recognize antigen alone, the antigen must be attached to a self protein on a self cell. This protein is called the... (p. 134) 16. If the T cell lock matches an antigen key, what happens to the T cell? (p. 134) 17. What do cytotoxic T cells do to cells that have antigens that match their T-cell receptor? (p. 135) 18. How do helper T-cells indirectly fight disease? (p. 135) 19. Which of pertain(s) to B cells? a. have specific receptors **yes** b. are responsible for antibody mediated immunity **no** c. synthesize and liberate antibodies **yes** 20. Which of these pertain(s) to cytotoxic-T cells? a. have specific receptors **yes** b. are more than one type **yes** c. are responsible for cell-mediated immunity **yes** d. stimulate antibody production by B-cells **yes**
 * Specific Immunity (Chapter 7) **
 * Plasma membrane receptor proteins whose shape allows them to combine with particular antigens. **
 * The Receptor **
 * Each lymphocyte has only one type of receptor. We have receptors capable of detecting every type of antigen. **
 * We need every single type because we need to be able to recognize every antigen that comes our way. **
 * Diversification occurs to such an extent during the maturation process that there are specific B and T cells for any possible antigen. **
 * B-cell receptor or a BCR **
 * The B cell produces multiple copies of itself. The resulting group of identical cells is called a clone. **
 * The cytokines secreted by Helper T cells stimulate B cells to clone most of the cloned b cells become plasma cells, which circulated in the blood and lymph. Plasma cells are larger than regular b cells because they have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum for the mass production and secretion of antibodies to a specific antigen. **
 * Plasma cells are larger than regular b cells because they have extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum for the mass production and secretion of antibodies to a specific antigen. **
 * Antibodies are identical to the BCR of the b cell that was activated. **
 * They are the means by which long term immunity is possible. If the same antigen enters the system again, memory b cells quickly divide and give rise to more plasma cells capable of producing the correct antibody. **
 * Because activated b cells become plasma cells that produce antibodies, collectively plasma cells probably produce as many as two million different antibodies. **
 * The antibodies in an immune complex are like a beacon that attracts white blood cells that move in for the kill. **
 * T cell receptor, TCR **
 * Human leukocyte antigens **
 * Clonal expansion occurs **
 * They seek out a specific enemy for destruction. First it binds to the bad cell then it punches holes into it and shoots granzymes into the poor. It dies **
 * they regulate immunity by secreting cytokines. B cells cannot be activated without T cell help **