Hormones+HW+MA

Hormones 1. Compare and Contrast the endocrine system and the nervous system. (At least three things) 2. What is a steroid hormone? How does it compare to a peptide hormone? 3. Explain the role of the hypothalamus. 4. Explain the role of the pituitary gland (posterior and anterior). 5. Name the endocrine glands covered in this chapter, the hormone(s) they produce, and the function of each hormone. You may want to set up a table.
 * Both systems respond to the need of regulation of homeostasis with a chemical signal
 * They deliver the signals in a different way
 * The nervous system sends these signals with nerve impulses, conducted axons, and neurotransmitters
 * The nervous system does this very QUICKLY
 * the endocrine system is made of a lot of glands that "secrete hormones" and the hormones are carried through the blood to cells in the body
 * the endocrine system is slow but lasting process
 * A steroid hormone combines with a receptor and activates DNA and then protein synthesis occurs. A peptide hormone is received at the plasma membrane and then an enzyme reaction occurs in the cell in result.
 * The hypothalamus produces hypothalamic-releasing and hypothalamic-inhibiting hormones that are passed on to the anterior putuitary through the portal system.
 * Produce antidueretic hormone and oxytocin, that are stored in axon endings until they are released.
 * Posterior Pituitary: An antidiuretic(ADH) reabsorbs water in the kidneys. Oxytocin stimulates uterine contraction and milk let down.
 * Anterior Pituitary: The thyroid is stimulated, adrenocorticotropic stimulates the adrenal cortex, gonadotropic is responsible for sex hormone production, prolactin is responsible for milk predoction, and growth.
 * Thyroid: found in glands in the throat
 * Thyroxine: increase metabolic rate, regulates growth and development
 * Calcitonin: lowers blood calcium level
 * Adrenal Gland: Above stomach
 * Adrenal Cortex:
 * Glucocorticords: raises blood glucose level, stimulates break down of protein
 * Mineralocorticords: reabsorption of sodium and excretion of potassium
 * Sex hormones: reproductive organs and bring about sex characteristic
 * Adrenal Medulla
 * Epineprine and norepinephrine: active in emergency situations, raise blood glucose level
 * Parathyroids: Posterior of thyroid
 * parathyroid hormone: raises blood calcium level
 * Thymus: Near heart
 * Thymosins: production and maturation of T lymphocytes
 * Pancreas: Above stomach
 * Insulin: lowers blood glucose level, formation of glycogen
 * Gonads: sex organ
 * Ovaries:
 * Estrogen and progesterone: female sex characteristics
 * Testes:
 * Androgens: male sex characteristics