HB+DNA+Technology

=__DNA Technology__= = =

How many bases (base pairs) are their in the human genome?

 * Due to the Human Genome Project (hgp), a 13 year effort that involved both university and private laboratories around the globe, we now know the order of the 3 billion bases A, T, C, and G in our genome.

How long did it take to determine the identity and sequence of all of the bases?

 * Due to the Human Genome Project (hgp), a 13 year effort that involved both university and private laboratories around the globe, we now know the order of the 3 billion bases A, T, C, and G in our genome.


 * Sperm DNA was the material of choice because sperm DNA has a much higher ratio of DNA to protein than other types of cells.


 * single nucleotide polymorphisms. Many smp's have no physiological effect, others may contribute to the diversity of human beings or possibly increase an individual's susceptibility to disease and response to medical treatments.

How many genes in the human genome?

 * Humans have 25,000 genes that makes us of many different functions.

What can we learn if we compare the genomes of species?

 * Comparing genomes is one way to determine how species have evolved and how genes and noncoding regions of the genome function.

How similar is the human genome to the chimpanzee genome?

 * In looking for common chromosomes in chimpanzees and humans, three types of genes were of particular interest. There was a gene for proper speech development, several for hearing, and several for smell.

How similar is the human genome to the mouse genome?

 * Researchers were not expecting to find 88% similarity in the gene makeup from humans to that of a mouse.

Define: transgenic organism

 * Organisms that have had a foreign gene inserted into them are called transgenic organism.

Describe how we can use transgenic bacteria.

 * It can promote plant health, remove sulfur from coal, clean up toxic waste and oil spills, extract minerals, and produce chemicals.

Describe how we can use transgenic plants.

 * Transgenic crops can resist herbicides and pests.

Describe how we cna use transgenic animals.

 * Transgenic animals can be given growth hormone to produce larger animals; can supply transplant organs and can produce pharmaceuticals.