Cancer+Hw+PK


 * Cancer Article Notes by Patricia Kelley**


 * 1) The article begins by mentioning two important people with cancer. Who is Elizabeth Edwards? Who is Tony Snow? (Include their politcal party, job, and current health status-this article was written in April-your answer should have more than what you can find in the article)
 * 2) Elizabeth Edwards is the wife of presidential candidate of John Edwards (democratic political party). She has breast cancer that has returned and spread to her bones. Tony Snow is President Bush's secretary (republican political party) that has spread from colon to liver.
 * 3) What is a metastatic cancer cell?[[image:018-001t.jpg]]
 * 4) A metastatic cancer cell are colonist cells that steal nutrients and consume neighboring cells.
 * 5) Why does the author call cancer cells barbarians and cannibals?
 * 6) They are barbarians because they steal other cells nutrients and they are cannibals because they eat neighboring cells.
 * 7) What do we know about the events that transform a normal cell to a cancer cell?
 * 8) Scientists have found that genetic mutations and chromosomal aberrations cause cells to multiply without any stop.
 * 9) Why is harder to study metastatic cancer cells?
 * 10) Metastic cancer cells are always on the move throughout the body so it is hard to follow them.
 * 11) How many cells do primary tumors shed each day (in a rodent)? Yet how many metastatic tumors do these rodents have?
 * 12) Scientist have found that primary tumors shed a billion cells while there are only a handful of metastatic cells.
 * 13) Describe two ways metastatic cells can travel through the body avoiding detection from our immune system.
 * 14) Maligant cells shrink themselves down to bacterial size to avoid detection.
 * 15) Where is the first site (oasis for the cancer cell) that metastasis generally occurs? Why? Why is it an oasis? (What is an oasis?)
 * 16) The oasis can be wound sites because they feed on growth hormones and other factors that help heal wounds.
 * 17) What is a dormant micrometastasis? Why are they relevant to human health?
 * 18) A dormant micrometastasis is when the mestasis cell cannot survive in the "oasis" and becomes dormant. These are beneficial to researchers because they can then harvest these cells and study them for further help.
 * 19) What evidence do we have that metastasis occurs in organs that are similar to the organ of the primary tumor? Give two examples.
 * 20) We have evidence that mestasis cells adapt to their surroundings, for example breast cancer leads to bone cancer because the mestasis cells use the breast milk calcium hormone to attack rich bones. Also, Malignant melona sreads to the brain because the neural tissue and melanocytes both are created from the same cells.
 * 1) We have evidence that mestasis cells adapt to their surroundings, for example breast cancer leads to bone cancer because the mestasis cells use the breast milk calcium hormone to attack rich bones. Also, Malignant melona sreads to the brain because the neural tissue and melanocytes both are created from the same cells.