Cancer-Zach

=19.1 Cancer Cells=

Definitions 1. Cancer: Malignant tumor whose nondifferentaited cells exhibit loss of contact inhibition, uncontrolled growth, and tthe ability to invade tissue and metasize. 2. Apoptosis: programmed cell death 3. Telomeres: special repetitive DNA that cap off chromosomes in human cells 4. Tumor: piled up cancer cells that grow on top of eachother with no restraint 5. Carcinogenesis: the development of cancer in three phases: Initiation, Promotion, and Progression 7. Metastasis: when cells begin new tumors far from the primary tumor 8. Proto-oncogenes: the code for proteins that promote the cell cycle and prevent apoptosis. They are often likened o the gas pedal of a car because they cause acceleration of the cell cycle. 9. Oncogens: when proto-oncogenes mutate they beome cancer causing genes. It does was proto-oncogens do, only better. 10. Growth factor: signal that activates a cell signaling pathway, resulting in cell division 11. Cyclin: protein that regularly increases and decreases in concentration during the cell cycle 12. Oncology: study of cancer 13. Oncologist: A cancer specialist 14. Carcinomas: cancers of the epithial tissues and adenocarcinomas are cancers of glandular epithial cells. Including skin, breast, liver, pancreas, intestines,lung, prostate and thyroid 15. Sarcomas: cancers that arise in muscles and connective tissues, such as bone and fibrous connective tissue 16. Leukemias: cancers of the blood 17. Lymphomas: cancers of the lympathic tissue

Reading Questions-- 1. What characteristics of cancer cells allow them to grow uncontrollably? //Cancer cells fail to undergo apoptosis and telomerase is turned on in cancer cells and continues to rebuild telomeres so that the telomeres remain at a constant length and the cell can keep dividing.Cancer cells perform angiogenesis, which forms bloodvessels to the cancer// 2. Mutations is what two types of genes lead to uncontrollable growth? //Proto-oncogenes and Tumor supressor genes// 3.What are the most common types of cancer? //Brest Cancer, Thyroid Cancer, Lung Caner, Skin Cancer, Prostate Cancer, and Colon Cancer//