Ch.+15+-+diabetes,+insulin+-+Rachel

Diabetes SCI Human Biology - 1 Assigned: 10/17 Due: 10/18 15.1 Endocrine Glands (p.296-297) (1) What is a hormone? (insert an image too) Hormones are a type of chemical signal or communication that act at a distance between body parts, traveling through the bloodstream from glands to target cells. Hormones are either peptides or steroids.

(2) How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? different? The endocrine system uses hormones to communicate between different organs while the hormones are the secretions produced by neuro-secretory cells in the hypothalamus (nervous system). 15.5 Pancreas (p.308-310) (3) Describe insulin secretion from the pancreas. Where is it produced? When is it secreted? Pancreatic islets produce and secrete insulin that go by way of ducts to the small intestine. Insulin is secreted when the blood glucose level is high (usually just after eating). Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells, especially liver cells, muscle cells, and adipose tissue cells. (4) What is the role of insulin? Insulin lowers the blood glucose level. (5) What is diabetes mellitus? A common hormonal disease in which liver cells (indeed most body cells) are unable to take up glucose as they should. (6) How does a glucose tolerance test assist in the diagnosis of diabetes? As blood glucose level rises, glucose, along with water is excreted in the urine. After a glucose tolerance test a nondiabetic blood glucose level rise somewhat but then returns to normal after two hours, while diabetics levels remain elevated for several hours and appears in the urine. (7) What causes diabetes type 1? The pancreas doesn’t produce insulin. (8) How is diabetes type 1 controlled? Through daily insulin injections (9) What causes diabetes type 2? Glucose binds to the receptor, but the number of carriers does not increase – the body is insulin resistant. (10) How is diabetes type 2 controlled? Adhering to a low-fat, low-sugar diet and regularly exercising. (11) What are the symptoms of diabetes? Long term complications include blindness, kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders latter leading to gangrene in the arms and legs.