DNA+hw-+kat

Define:
 * Complementary paired bases:** hydrogen bonding between particular bases; in DNA thymine (T) pairs with adenine (A) and guanine (G) pairs with cytosine (C), in RNA uracil (U) pairs with A and G pairs with C. BASE PAIRS: 3 billion base pairs in human DNA.
 * Template**: pattern or guide used to make copies; parental strand of DNA serves as a guide for the production of daughter DNA strands, and DNA also serves as a guide for the production og messenger RNA.
 * Mutation:** alteration in chromosome structure or number and also an alteration in a gene due to a change in DNA composition.
 * Messenger RNA**: type of RNA formed from a DNA template that bears coded information for the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide.
 * DNA replication**: synthesis of a new DNA double helix prior to mitosis and meiosis in eukaryotic cells, and during prokaryotic fission in prokaryotic cells.
 * Transcription**: process whereby a DNA strand serves as a template for the formation of mRNA. (copy of a gene)
 * Translation**: process whereby ribosomes use the sequence of codons in mRNA to produce a polypeptide with a particular sequence of amino acids.
 * Codon**: three base sequence in mRNA that causes the insertion of a particular amino acid into a protein or termination of translation.

Questions 1. How does the structure of DNA allow it to be replicated? The structure of DNA allows it to be replicated because it is a double helix that unzips when its needed to be replicated.

2. How is the structure of RNA similar to, but also different from DNA? (THIS IS A LONG ANSWER SEE TABLE 21.1) The structure of RNA is similar to DNA because they are both nucleic acids and made up of nucleotides. They have a sugar-phosphate component and have four different base types. DNA has the bases A, T, C ,G, while RNA has the bases A, U, C, G. RNA is different from DNA because RNA is translated to make proteins and helps DNA.

3. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary DNA strand be? CGGTACTGG 4. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary mRNA strand be? CGGUACUGG

5. What is the structure of a protein? Proteins are composed of subunits called amino acids. There are twenty different types of amino acids found in proteins, which are synthesized with ribosomes in the cytoplasm of cells. Proteins differ because the number and order of their amino acids differ.

6. What functions do proteins perform? Proteins are found all over the body, some are structural proteins and some are enzyme proteins.

7. If a mRNA had the codon sequence AUU GCG UGG, name the three amino acids that would be linked. AUU- Isoleucine, GCG- Alanine, UGG- Tryptophan

8. What evidence with respect to DNA suggests that all living things are related and share a common ancestor? The evidence with respect to DNA that suggests all living things are related and share a common ancestor is the genetic code.

9. Where does transcription occur and what is the product? During transcription, a segment of the DNA serves as a template for the production of an RNA molecule. Another DNA strand is formed as well.

10. Where does translation occur and what is the product? During translation, transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring amino acids to the ribosomes, where polypeptide occurs.