SLICE8.3-5+homework

wiki Assignment Due by class Friday.

8.3 Stomach to Small Intestine stomach -a thick walled, J shaped organ that lies on the left side of the body underneath the diaphram -A dome shaped horizontal sheet of muscle and connective tissue that divides the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity rugae -Deep folds in the wall of the stumoch gastric glands -Gland with in the stomach wall that secretes gastric juice which contails pepsin pepsin - digests protein small intestine - named for its small diameter, it is long. Contains enzymes to break down all types of foods, mostly carbohydrates proteins and fats. They are secreted by the pancreas and enter via the duodenum duodenum -the first 25cm of the small intestine, it gives enzymes to the small intestins bile -emulsifies fat, it makes the fat droplets disperse in water lipase -after bile emulsifies fat, the lipase in pancreatic juice hydrolyzes it into glycerol and fatty acids. Villus -contained in the mucosa of the small intestines are fingerlike projections called villi, that give the intestinal wall a soft velvety appearance, it absorbes nutrience by little thins called columnar epithelial cells. Lacteal -a small lymphatic capillary lactose intolerance -when the body lacks an enzyme called lactase which breaks down lactose into galactase and glucose.

(1) What are the functions of the stomach? It stores food, moves the chyme into the small intestines and absorbs protein (2) What are the structures of the stomach that perform these functions and describe their role. The mucosa excretes an enzyme that breaks down protein The pyloric sphincter is what lets chyme into the intestines The muscularis stretches and mechanically breaks down food (3) What are the functions of the small intestine? Digests all types of food using enzymes Absorbs products of digestive process (4) What are the structures of the small intestine that perform these functions and describe their role? The wall has villi that have columnar epithelial cells that absorb nutrients

8.4 Three Accessory Organs and Regulation of Secretions pancreas -digests carbohydrates in the small intestine

pancreatic amylase -the enzyme juice that the pancreas makes to digest carbohydrates in the small intestines trypsin -an enzyme produced by the pancreas to break down proteins in the small intestines lipase an enzyme produced by the pancreas to break down and digest fats hormone -a substance produced by one set of cells that affects a different set of cells liver -	destroys old red blood cells, excretes bilirubin, detoxifies blood by removing poisonous substances -	stores iron -	makes plasma proteins -	stores glucose -	produces urea -	helps regulate blood cholesterol level bile -has a yellowish greenish color because it also contains biliruben, derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin bladder -stores bile for the liver

(5) What are the three main accessory organs that assist with the digestive process? Describe how each contributes to the digestion of food. The liver - the liver produces bile the pancreas -the pancreas produces pancreatic juice the gallbladder -the gallbladder stores bile (6) How are digestive secretions regulated in the body? By the nervous system and hormones 8.5 The Large Intestine and Defecation large intestine -includes the cecum, colon, rectum, and anal canal. It is larger than the small intestine but it is also shorter cecum -lies below the junction with the small intestine, it is the blind end of the large intestine it has a small projection called the… vermiform appendix - an appendix plays a role in fighting infections colon -the where defecation occurs

(7) What are the different parts of the large intestine? Appendix, cecum, colon, anal sphincter, anal canal, anus rectum (8) What is the function of the large intestine? It absorbs water and vitamins, forms feces, defecates.