Human+DNA+Biology+CC

Chapter 21 DNA Biology

Define complementary paired bases- bases are held together with hydrogen bonding template- each original strand is like a template to the formation of the complementary new strand mutation- a replication error that carries through messenger RNA- produced by the nucleus where DNA is a template for its formation DNA replication- process of copying a DNA helix transcription- a segment of the DNA is a template for the production of an RNA molecule translation- tRNA molecules bring amino acids to the ribosomes codon- nucleotide sequences

Questions 1. How does the structure of DNA allow it to be replicated? It is a double Helix and easily splits for replication 2. How is the structure of RNA similar to, but also different from DNA? (THIS IS A LONG ANSWER SEE TABLE 21.1) 3. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary DNA strand be? It would be CGGTACTGG 4. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary mRNA strand be? It would be CGGUACUGG 5. What is the structure of a protein? Proteins are made up of over 20 different kinds of amino acids. The number of amino acids and order of amino acids differ per each different kind of protein. 6. What functions do proteins perform? Proteins help build up things. These are structural proteins and there are also enzyme proteins, which help facilitate reactions through out the body. 7. If a mRNA had the codon sequence AUU GCG UGG, name the three amino acids that would be linked. Isoleucine, alanine, tryptophan 8. What evidence with respect to DNA suggests that all living things are related and share a common ancestor? genetic code 9. Where does transcription occur and what is the product? transcription occurs when you are trying to replicate the DNA and give information to the RNA 10. Where does translation occur and what is the product? Translation occurs when tRNA brings amino acids to ribosomes.