**Miscellaneous+Reproduction+Topics

(1) What does IVF stand for? What does it treat? How does the doctor get the eggs? Where are the embryo’s made and when are they implanted? Where are they implanted? (p.334) In Vitro Fertilization. It treats infertility. the doctor gets the immature eggs by using a needle the embryos are made in glassware and they are implanted after about two to four days when they are brough to maturity and concentrated sperm are added they are implanted into the uterus

(2) Embryos that are not implanted are frozen? What can happen to frozen embryos? (p.335) embryos are frozen for future attempts at establishing prengancy given to other infertile couples, donated for research or destroyed

(3) What is an ectopic pregnancy? (p. 357) when an embryo implants itself somewhere toher than the uterus

(4) Briefly describe how cloning is done. (p. 362) fuse egg with donated nucleus, electric shock triggers cell divisions, embryo begins to develop in vitro, embryo is implanted into surrogoate mother, clone is born

(5) What are some the problems that have developed in cloned animals? (p. 362) diabetes, bad livers, abnormal blood vessels and heart problems

(6) What is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning? What are the pros and cons of each. (p. 362) reproductive cloning - the desired end is an individual therapeutic cloning - the desired end is the embryonic cells that possibly can be coaxed into becoming various cell types pros of therapeutic cloning is that it can effectivly treat parkinson disease and can possibly treat other injuries and diseases cons there are ethical concerns because these stem cells could eventually be babies reproductive cloning pro is that an almost exact replica of an animal could be made meaning a cow with extremely good traits could be cloned over and over which could eventually be a cheaper alternative than raising and buying them from birth cons - obvious ethical and moral problems (7) When can you tell if an embryo is a boy or girl? (p. 364) 7th week of development (8) Describe two causes of cases where a person is XY (male) but looks and acts female. (p. 365) ambiguoussex determination - the absence of any one or more of hormones results in ambiguous sex determination in which the individual has the external appearance of a female although the gonads of a female are absent. male pseudohermaphroditism - the individual has testes but appears to be a normal female until puberty. the testes never produce testosterone

(9) What is true hermaphroditism? (p. 365) when a person has both ovarian and testicular tissue

(10) What is stage 3 of birth? What happens? (p. 369) afterbirth about 15 minutes after delivery of the baby uterine muscular contractions shrink the uterus and the placenta dislodge then the placenta is expelled i