Lucy+nutrition+pre+lab+questions

1. What is the usual function of various carbohydrates in humans? 2. What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and a complex carbohydrate? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 3. What is starch? What is the source of starch? 4. What is "fiber" and of what benefit is it in the diet? 5. Why does low-carb dieting work sometimes? But what are the risks? 6. What is the function of fats and oils? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 7. What are fats and oils composed of? 8. What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 9. What are the uses of phospholipids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 10. What are the uses of steroids in the body? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 11. Why do we need fat in our diet? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 12. What are the major functions of proteins in organisms? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES 13. What is the subunit of a protein? How do they get their name? 14. How does the shape of a protein relate to its function? DESCRIBE EXAMPLES
 * The usual function of various carbohydrates in humans is quick and short-term energy storage in all organisms.
 * Simple carbohydrates has a low amount of carbon stored in a carbohydrate. Its called a simple sugar. A complex carbohydrate is a starchm glycogen, and cellulose. they contain many glucose units.
 * A starch readily stores forms of glucose in plants and animals. We eat starchy foods such as potatoes, bread and cake.
 * Fiber is the structure like a thread. A plant material that is non-digestible. Fiber is remove from grains. Fiber can benefit in a diet by protecting a human from heart disease.
 * Fats and lipids to provide energy. Lipids do not dissovle in water. Fats are used for long term energy, it insulates against heat loss and it form a protective cushion around major organs. Fats ( butter, lard) oil ( Corn oil, soybean oil)
 * Fats are composed of lard and butter and oils are composed of plants.
 * A saturated fat had no double bonds between the carbon atoms. Unsaturated fats have a double bond in the carbon chain but the number of hydrogens is less than two per carbon. Saturated fats are ASSOCIATED WITH CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE BECAUSE THEY CAUSE LIPIDS MATERIALS called plaque. Unsaturated fats are particularly monounsaturated oils.
 * They are structured like fats. The head is polar, while the tails are nonpolar. This caused the molecules to arrange themselves as shown when exposed to water insider or outside a cell.
 * Steroids are lipids but have a different structure. They have a backbone of four fused carbon rings. An example of a steroid is cholesterol.
 * We need fats in our diet for good health and to have energy. Without energy humans look tired and weak. An example is nuts, peanut butter, olive oils.
 * Proteins support. They make up the hair, nails, collagen, skin. They transport allowing substances to enter and exit cells. ( Red blood cells). They defend. The antibodies combine with the proteins to prevent antigens from destroying cells and upsetting hormones. They react and funcation at body temperature.
 * An amino acid is teh subunit. The name came about because one of these groups is an -NH2 ( amino group), and another is a -COOH ( an acid group). The third group is the R group for an amino acid.
 * Proteins cannot function unless they have their usual shape. When proteins are in heat they lose their shape - denaturation. Milk will become curded with hot and cause egg whites, which contains a protein called coagulate.