DNA+Review+WB

Define complementary paired bases template mutation messenger RNA DNA replication transcription translation codon

Questions 1. How does the structure of DNA allow it to be replicated? 2. How is the structure of RNA similar to, but also different from DNA? (THIS IS A LONG ANSWER SEE TABLE 21.1) 3. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary DNA strand be? 4. If a strand of DNA was GCCATGACC what would the complementary mRNA strand be? 5. What is the structure of a protein? 6. What functions do proteins perform? 7. If a mRNA had the codon sequence AUU GCG UGG, name the three amino acids that would be linked. 8. What evidence with respect to DNA suggests that all living things are related and share a common ancestor? 9. Where does transcription occur and what is the product? 10. Where does translation occur and what is the product?

Complimentary paired bases: Hydrogen bonding occurs between particular bases. There are 3,000,000,000 base pairs in human DNA. Template: A stencil or guide for making copies of DNA. Parent DNA serves as a template for daughter DNA. Mutation: A mutation is an alteration in chromosome structure due to a change in DNA composition. Messenger RNA: Messenger RNA is formed from DNA, and creates coded information about amino acid sequences. DNA replication: Creation of a new DNA strand during prokaryotic fission. Transcription: A DNA strand is used as a template to form mRNA. Translation: Ribosomes use codons to produce polypeptides with a special sequence of amino acids. Codon: Causes translation to cease.

1. The structure of DNA is easily replicated, because of it's double helix shape. This allows it to "unzip" when replication is necessary. 2. The structure of RNA is similar to DNA, in that they are both nucleic acids comprised of nucleotides. They also each have for different base types. However, they are different, in that the four bases of DNA are ATCG, while the four bases of RNA are AUCG. 3. The complimentary DNA strand would be CGGTACTGG. 4. The complimentary mRNA strand would be CGGUACUGG. 5. The structure of a protein is comprised of 20 different kinds of amino acids, found in the cytoplasm of cells. 6. Proteins provide structure, while others are known as enzyme proteins. 7. Isoleucine, Alanine, and Tryptophan would be linked. 8. The evidence found within DNA that links all living things to a common ancestor is the genetic code. 9. Transcription occurs in the nucleus and produces a template for RNA molecules. 10. Translation occurs in the nucleus and a polypeptide is produced.