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Grant Sanders Human Biology Period 1

Homework 1

(1) Describe at least three important PHYSICAL traits in humans that were found in fish first. The Human brain protected by a surrounding skull, the eyes that humans see through, and a backbone that keeps the body upright, were all three found in fish first.

(2) Describe a SOCIAL trait in humans that was found in fish first. Fish developed a complex society working and helping one another, which is exactly what the humans have developed.

(3) What is an African cichlid and what behavior do they have that resembles social behavior in humans. Describe. African cichilid are colorful freshwater fish from Lake Tanganyika. These fish produce offspring, and their job is to raise their offspring in a safe environment, and provide them with what they need to stay alive. They live in groups have relationships.

(4) Why is it interesting that female guppies may go through menopause? This is interesting because it informs the reader that female humans developed their menstrual cycles from female guppies.

(5) Which genes in humans shifted color during migration from one part of the world to another and also shift in color in fish? Skin color

(6) What is the significance to human biology that fish are the oldest group of vertebrates? Fish have had the longest time of any of the vertebrates to experiment with how their bodies work.

(7) Competition and predation among fish species led to the evolution of two important physical traits found in humans. What are these two traits and how did competition and predation spur their evolution? The two physical traits are jaws and teeth, and competition and predation spurred these traits allowing smaller fish to eat larger fish.

Regarding the NPR interview with the author of Your Inner Fish, Neil Shubin (8) What is unusual about the Tiktaalik? The Tiktaalik is part fish and part land animal.

(9) What bones in the "arm" of a Tiktaalik are also found in human arms? The Humarus, the bones in our fingers, and the bones in our wrist are bones in the arm of Tiktaalik also found in humans.

(10) Explain why a hiccup can be a relic of our fish ancestor? They used to breathe like that everytime they took a breath