DR+ch+19+hw

Apoptosis-Programmed cell death Telomeres-repetitive DNA sequences Metastisis-When cells begin new tumors far from the primary tumors Tumor- proto-oncogenes,-code for proteins that promote the cel cycle and prevent apoptosis oncogenes-cancer causing genes , growth factor-A signal that activates a cell signaling pathway , tumor suppressor gene-a gene mutated by a tumor , oncology-study of cancer , carcinoma-cancers of the epithelial tissues , sarcoma-cancers that arise in muscles , leukemia-cancer of the blood , lymphoma-cancer of lymphatic tissue

1. What do cancer cells look like? They have abnormal nuclei

2. What is unusual about the nuclei of cancer cells? They are enlarged

3. Why don't cancer cells die? They do not go through apoptosis

4. Describe the three phases of the development of cancer. Initiation-when a cell goes through a mutation Promotion-a tumor develops Progression-Cell goes through mutation that gives it an advantage over other cells

5. Mutations in what two types of genes lead to uncontrollable growth? Proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes

6. What is p53? How does it cause cancer? It is a protein. It turns on genes that stop the cell cycle.

7. What is RB? How does it cause cancer? RB is retinoblastoma protein

8. What are the most common cancers cases for males and females? Men is prostate and women is breast

9. What are the most common cancer deaths for males and females? Lung in men and lung in women.