Reproductive+System+Notes+CC


 * Male Reproductive Hormones:** Testosterone which are made in the testes which are in the scrotum. Testes cells have testosterone receptors. The male starts making testosterone during puberty. Male keeps making testosterone until death. Testosterone tells the males to make sperm. That signal is a daily signal.


 * Female Reproductive Hormones:** Estrogen is made in the ovaries. Ovary has estrogen receptors. The signal is to mature an egg. Estrogen is not released until puberty and stops making estrogen at menopause. About 2 weeks our of every menstraul cycle Estrogen is released by the ovary. Progesterone is the other important female hormone. It is also make in the ovaries by the empty egg sac. It is made from puberty to menopause. Progesterone is released the last two weeks of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone receptors are found in the womb (uterus) and it keeps the lining of the uterus thick.


 * Male Reproductive Organs:** Sperm Path: Testes ( sperm are made) --> epididymis (sperm training pool) --> vas deferens --> Urethra
 * Female Reproductive Organs:** Sperm Pathway: Vagina --> Cervix --> Uterus --> fallopian tubes


 * Reproduction Homework**

(1) When is an individual capable of producing children? It begins during puberty, and for women lasts until menopause and for men until they die. (2) Where are sperm produced? Sperm are produced in the testes. (3) Where are eggs produced? Eggs are produced in the ovaries. (4) How many chromosomes does the mother contribute via the egg to the new individual? 23 chromosomes (5) How many chromosomes does the father contributed via the sperm to the new individual? 23 chromosomes (6) What male structures are involved in the making of seminal fluid? testes, epididymis, vas deferens, urethra (7) Describe the cells and structures involved in making mature sperm. Testes are wheresperm are made. The epididymis is like the sperm training pool. The vas deferens are next and finally is the Urethra. (8) Which hormones control the male reproductive cycle? Describe the function of each. Testosterone which are made in the testes which are in the scrotum. Testes cells have testosterone receptors. The male starts making testosterone during puberty. Male keeps making testosterone until death. Testosterone tells the males to make sperm. That signal is a daily signal. (9) Describe the function of the ovaries, oviducts, uterus, cervix, and vagina.

(10) Which hormones control the female reproductive cycle? Describe the function of each. Estrogen is made in the ovaries. Ovary has estrogen receptors. The signal is to mature an egg. Estrogen is not released until puberty and stops making estrogen at menopause. About 2 weeks our of every menstraul cycle Estrogen is released by the ovary. Progesterone is the other important female hormone. It is also make in the ovaries by the empty egg sac. It is made from puberty to menopause. Progesterone is released the last two weeks of the menstrual cycle. Progesterone receptors are found in the womb (uterus) and it keeps the lining of the uterus thick.

hormones: FSH- made in a part of the brain called the pituitary gland. FSH is pretty constant until right before ovulation when it has a slight peak, but then levels out again after the peak. Helps make the egg mature by sending the hormones from the brain to the receptors in the ovaries. Estrogen- made in the ovary. It alternates ovaries each cycle. Estrogen is constant, then rises during ovulation then drops after ovulation then has a slight rise again and by the end of the cycle it drops back down. Estrogen is made by the maturing egg in the ovary. LH- made in the brain in the pituitary gland. It has a peak very similar to the FSH peak, but the LH peak may occur a little before the FSH peak. Estrogen triggers the brain to release LH. LH travels to the ovary and tells the ovary to release the egg. Ovulation-releasing of the egg... point of the cycle. Progesterone-made in the ovary. It is constant all the way until ovulation and then right after ovulation it increases a good amount, but then drops back down at the end of the cycle. The empty egg sac is what makes progesterone. It maintains the uterus.
 * Menstrual Cycle Notes**

The cycle in general is about 28 days, but it can vary. Day 1-7 menstruation begins, lasting between 3-7 days Day 8-11 the uterus lining gets thick again and the lining sheds and is re built. Day 14 is when ovulation occurs (egg is being released from the ovary) After 14 more days and there is no sign of pregnancy, the cycle begins over again

The female cycle can vary in length due to when ovulation occurs. The fertile period is only from day 11-15, because when you ovulate on day 14 the egg only stays a live for one day. The sperm though can live inside of you for up to 3 days.

-related to the hormone testosterone (helps to build muscle, making muscles create protein) -anabol- "to build up" in greek -testosterone increases protein synthesis, increases bone growth, increases appetite, increases the production of red blood cells, oil production, increased growth of hair, deepen voice, but you produce less sperm. -bad effects- increase in blood pressure, damage to your heart over time, acne, Medical uses- create bone growth, increase appetite for some people non medical use- average user is a man who is about 25. Not body builders or athletes, just for looks. -most professional body builders are pretty careful about it -in most professional sports it is not allowed, so they must do it secretly -about 2.6 percent of high school students use steroids -used for patients as long as they are monitored for possible complications -have caused many teens to cause suicide Roid-Rage- level of testosterone is associated with aggression -steroids are legal in some country-- legal in canada with prescription -illegal in U.S.
 * Anabolic Steroids**