Human+Evolution+HW+MA

22.3 Classification of Humans (p.475-477) 1. How are humans classified from domain to species? 2. What are the characteristics of primates? 3. What major differences exist between the chimpanzee skeleton and the human skeleton? 22.4 Evolution of Hominids 4. Which fossil hominid is the oldest of the australopithecines? 5. Which hominid is the first to have culture? Explain. 6. Which hominid was the first to migrate out of Africa? 7. How might //Homo habilis//, living 2 MYA, have differed from the austropithecines? 8. How might //Homo erectus//, living about 1.9-1.6 MYA, have differed from //Homo habilis//? 9. What is the out-of-Africa hypothesis and what bearing does it have on the evolution of humans? 10. How do Cro-Magnons, the first of the modern humans differ from the other species in the genus Homo?
 * Domain=Eukarya(membrane-bound nucleus)
 * Kingdom Animialia(multicellular, motile, heterotrophic)
 * Phylum=Chordata(dorsal tubular nerve cord, notochord, pharyngeal pouches)
 * Class=Mammalia(vertebrates with hair)
 * Order=Primates(well developed brain, adapated to live in trees)
 * Family=hominidae(adapted to upright stance and bipedal locomotion)
 * Genus=Homo(most developed brain, made and used toold)
 * Species=Homo sapien(modern humans, speech centers of brain well-developed)
 * well developed brain, adapated to live in trees
 * human spines exits from the center, ape spine exits from rear of skull
 * human spine is s shaped, ape spine has a slight curve
 * human pelvis is bowl shaped, ape pelvis is longer and more narrow
 * human femurs angle inward to the knees, ape femurs angle out a bit
 * human knee can support more weight than an ape knee
 * Lucy
 * The homo habilis because it the early homo skulls suggest that portions of the brain associated with speech areas were enlarged. And this could suggest they are cultured because culture means human behavior and products. More capacity for speech leaves room for more technology and arts.
 * Homo eragster
 * They had more capacity in their brain for speech.
 * homo erectus has a larger brain, flatter face, and a projected nose
 * homo erectus are taller
 * first to use fire
 * had more advanced tools
 * systematic hunter
 * proposes that homo sapiens evolved from homo erectus only in Africa, and thereafter homo sapiens migrated to Europe and Asia about 100,000 years before present.
 * first to throw spears
 * big hunters
 * first to make knife-like blades
 * may be responsible of extinction of many large animals
 * may be first to have a language
 * culture included art