Respiratory+System

Respiratory System (Chapter 9)

Part 1. Describe structure and function of each of these terms (in great detail...read the pages in the book from 170 to 174) in this order (the pathway of air from the nasal cavities to the lungs). Inserting a picture of your respiratory system would be nice. Nasal cavity: its structure is below the eyes and above the nose. Its function is to filter, warm, and moisture air. Pharynx: its structure is in the back of the throat. It’s a passageway where pathway for air food cross. It has three parts the nasopharynx, which above the soft palate. The oropharynx where the cavity opens, and the laryngopharynx which opens into the larynx. Glottis: it’s a space between the vocal chords. It is an opening to the larynx. ALVEOLI RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Larynx: It’s under the Glottis, its known as your (voice box) and its function is to produce sound. Trachea: also known as your (windpipe), its the passage of air to bronchi Bronchus: the Bronchus passes air to the lungs. Bronchioles: Bronchioles passes air to the alveoli. Lung: it’s the largest organ in the body, and it contains alveoli, known as (air sacs). It carries also out gas exchange. Diaphragm: it is a skeletal muscle; it functions in ventilation. Part 2. Describe the structure and function of alveoli in great detail. Alveoli are air sacs that are located in the lungs. They carry blood. The sac is surrounded by blood capillaries. Gas exchange occurs between air in the alveoli and in the capillaries. Oxygen also diffuses across the alveolar wall and enters the bloodstream.

Part 3. (p. 178) Describe in great detail how Carbon Dioxide is carried in the blood and how Oxygen is carried in the blood. The carbon dioxide is exchanged in the tissue cells. The oxygen diffuses out of the blood.

Part 4. Describe 4 respiratory disorders of your choice (in great detail). 1. Emphysema: Chronic and incurable disorder where the alveoli are distended and the walls damaged. Smoking causes it. It occurs when air is trapped in the lungs and that leads to alveolar damage and a noticeable ballooning of the chest. 2. Pulmonary fibrosis: condition where fibrosis tissue builds up in the lungs. It occurs when the lungs are enable to inflate properly and are always tending toward deflation. 3. Pneumonia: it’s a bacterial infection of the lungs where the bronchi and alveoli fill with thick fluid. Symptoms are high fever, chills, with headache and chest pains. It also can be caused by a bacterium that is stress and/or reduces immunity. 4. Acute bronchitis: is an infection of the primary and secondary bronchi. Caused by heavy coughing that expectorates mucus, and perhaps pus.