SLICEchapter+2.3+Homework

Define...organic molecules Organic molecules are separated into four different categories: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. These are all unique to cells. In biology, organic doesn’t refer to how food is grown; it refers to a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and is usually associated with living things.

1. What are the four classes of molecules unique to cells? Carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids are all unique to cells

2. What type of reaction occurs during the synthesis of macromolecules? When a cell make a macromolecule, or a molecule that contains many subunits, it uses a dehydration reaction.

Define... Monosaccharide If the number of carbon atoms in a carbohydrate is low (three to seven) it is called a monosaccharide or a simple sugar.

Disaccharide When two monosaccharide join together by a dehydration reaction. Glucose A molecule that when joined with Fructose turns into what we know is table sugar. Polysaccharide Complex carbohydrates, macromolecules that contain many glucose units. Starch A readily stored form of glucose in plants and animals. Some of the starch chains are up to 4,000 glucose units. Starch has a lower number of side chains that branch off than does glycogen. Glycogen A readily stored form of glucose in plants and animals. Cellulose A polysaccharide that is found in plant cell walls. They are made up in ways that we cannot digest so it is fiber.

1. What is the usual function of carbohydrates in humans? Fiber has the job of cleaning out your system. It adds bulk to fecal matter and stimulates movement of the large intestine, therefore preventing constipation. Soluble fiber combines with cholesteral and prevents it from being absorbed.

2. What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and the various complex carbohydrates? Simple Carbs are sugar and complex carbs are in plants and animals.

3. Of what benefit is fiber in our diet? Helps you clean out your digestive tract

1. Define saturated fats, unstaturated fat, and trans fat. Saturated Fats – have no double bonds between the carbon atoms, the chain is saturated with all the hydrogen’s it can hold Unsaturated fats- have double bonds in the carbon chain wherever the number of hydrogen’s is less than two per carbon Trans Fat- in vegetable oils that have been partially hydrogenated to make them semi solid.

2. What is the main function of fats and oils and what are they composed of? Fats are made of animal origin and oils are from the plant origin. Fats are used to protect organs and for warmth and energy storage.

3. What are the uses of phospholids and steroids in the body? Phospholids compromise most cell membranes. Steroids are sex hormones, estrogen, and testosterone. Define peptide bond, and denaturation A peptide bond is when two amino acids join by a dehydration reaction between the carboxyl group of one and the amino group of another. The covalent bond between these two is a peptide bond Denaturation is when proteins change shape because of heat or pH 1. What are the major functions of proteins in an organism? Support, enzymes, transport, defense, hormones, and motion 2. How does an amino acid get its name? one of the groups of amino acid subunits is the amino group and one is the acid group 3. How does the shape of a protein relate to its function. Proteins can only function when they are there regular shape, otherwise they cannot work an example is milk curdling.