MA+Chromosome+Hw


 * Changes in Chromosome Number
 * Vocab:
 * nondisjunction: occurs in during meiosis 1when a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell. Also can occur in meiosis 2 when the sister chromatids fail to seperate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete.
 * trisomy: When an egg with 24 chromosomes is fertilized with a normal sperm. One type of chromosome is present in three copies
 * monosomy:When an egg with 22 chromosomes is fertilized with a normal sperm. One type of chromosome is present in a single copy.
 * Barr body: In normal XX females, one of the X chromosomes becomes a darkly staining mass of chromatin.
 * Down Syndrome: Have three copies of chromosome 21 because the egg had two copies instead of one.
 * Turner Syndrome: Only one sex chromosome.
 * Klinefelter Syndrome: Males born with two X chromosomes and one Y chromosome.
 * Poly-X Females: More than two X chromosomes and extra Barr bodies in the nucleus.
 * Jacobs Syndrome: XYY males can only result from nondisjunction during spermatogenesis.
 * What are the two types of chromosomes and how many of each do we have in every cell?
 * The two types of chromosomes are autosome chromosomes and sex chromosomes. Autosomes carry alleles for particular traits. Sex chromosomes determine the sex of a person. An individual receives 22 pairs of autosomes and two sex chromosomes.
 * [[image:60_3_22.jpg]]
 * Describe process that can change the normal number of chromosomes in a cell?
 * Nondisjunction can change the normal number of chromosomes in a cell due to when the homologous pair go into the same daughter cell.
 * Name chromosome disorders due to an abnormal number of autosomal chromosomes.
 * Down Syndrome
 * [[image:down'schild2.jpg]]
 * Name chromosome disorders due to an abnormal number of sex chromosomes.
 * Klinefelter Syndrome
 * Turner Syndrome
 * Changes in Chromosome Structure
 * Vocab:
 * deletion: when an end of a chromosome segments
 * duplication: the presence of a chromosomal segment more than once in the same chromosome
 * inversion: when a segment of a chromosome is turned around 180 degrees. Can lead to altered gene activities and to deletions and duplications.
 * translocation: the movement of chromosome segment from one chromosome to another nonhomologous chromosome.
 * Williams syndrome: when chromosome 7 loses a small piece
 * Crit du Chat syndrome: when chromosome 5 loses a small piece
 * Alagille sydnrome: when chromosome 20 is deleted
 * Chronic myelogenous leukemia: translocation from part of chromosome 22 to chromosome 9
 * Burkett lymphoma: translocation from part of chromosome 8 to chromosome 14
 * Name chromosome deletion syndromes.
 * Alagille syndrome
 * Name chromosome translocation syndromes.
 * Chronic myelogenous Leukemia
 * Burkett Lymphoma.
 * Burkett Lymphoma.