Ch.+3+Questions+SLS

Shelby Smith August 20, 2008 Human Bio-Feild


 * Chapter 3. Cell Structure.**

The cell theory states that ‘a cell is the basic unit of life.’
 * 1. What does the cell theory state?**

Cells are so small because of the surface area-to-volume ratio. The size of the cell also determines the nutrients and waste disposal of the cell.
 * 2. Why are cells so tiny?**

The three main parts of a eukaryotic cell are the nucleus, the plasma membrane and lastly the cytoplasm (organelles).
 * 3. What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell?**

The eukaryotic cell could have gained the mitochondria by engulfing prokaryotic cells, and ‘another such event may have produced the chloroplast.’
 * 4. Explain how the eukaryotic cell gained mitochondria and chloroplasts**.

Glycoproteins are short chains of sugar attatched to the outer surface of some protein and lipid molecules. The glycoprotein function has a specific carbohydrate chain that is different for each individual; also they serve as a message carrier. The function of the proteins and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane is to ‘form channels through which certain substances can enter the cell…’ they also catalyze reactions.
 * 5. What are glycoproteins, and what functions do proteins, including glycoproteins, have in the plasma membrane?**

Endocytosis is when a portion of the plasma membrane invaginates, or forms a pouch, to envelope a substance or a fluid. Exocytosis is when a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as secretion occurs.
 * 6. What is endocytosis and exocytosis, and how do they occur?**

The nucleus’ contribution to protein synthesis is that it stores genetic information. The Ribosomes contribute in the fact that they are organelles composed of proteins and rRNA. They spur on protein synthesis. Lastly, the rough endoplasmic reticulum is a membranous system of sacchules and channels. The contribution of the rough endoplasmic reticulum is this is where the proteins are synthesized and enter the ER interior, where the processing of the protein begins.
 * 7. The nucleus, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum make what contribution to protein synthesis?**

The endoplasmic reticulum’s purpose is to synthesize the proteins, and the Golgi apparatus are saccules that modify proteins and lipids that were received from the ER.
 * 8. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus make what contribution to the processing of proteins?**

The function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum is where ribosome’s do not attach and it forms transport vessels. Lysosomes are an enzyme that cause reactions and prevent disease.
 * 9. What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes?**

The function of the mitochondria is to convert chemical energy of glucose products into chemical energy of ATP molecules.
 * 10. What is the function of the mitochondria?**