Chapter+3+GMS

Monroe Stadler

1. What does the cell theory state? A cell is the basic unit of life. 2. Why are cells so tiny? The surface area to volume ratio of cells has to be great so waste and nutrients can easily go through the cell 3. What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? Nucleus, plasma membrane and cytoplasm 4. Explain how the eukaryotic cell gained mitochondria and chloroplasts. By engulfing prokaryotic cells 5. What are glycoproteins, and what functions do proteins, including glycoproteins, have in the plasma membrane? The proteins are in the plasma membrane. Proteins change the shape and position of the phospholipid bilayer in the plasma membrane 6. What is endocytosis and exocytosis, and how do they occur? Endocytosis is when the plasma membrane invaginates substances or fluid by forming a pouch. Exocytosis is when the plasma membrane releases a vesicle fuses with the plasma membrane as secretion occurs. 7. The nucleus, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum make what contribution to protein synthesis? The nucleus stores DNA. Ribosomes synthesize protein. The rough endoplastic reticulum synthesizes protein. 8. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus make what contribution to the processing of proteins? The ER forms a transport vesicles in which large molecules are transported to other parts of the cell. The golgi apparatus proteins and lipids are modified. 9. What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes? The endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes phopholipids in the testes it prodices tesosterone. Lysosomes digest enzymes into simpler subunits. 10. What is the function of the mitochondria? It is the powerhouse of the cell and makes the chemical energy of ATP.