CHAPTA+reeviewwww+numba+7

1. describe the basic characteristics of bacteria. Explain how five particular features contribute to the ability of bacteria to cause disease. (pg 122-23) single celled prokaryotes and don’t have a nucleus. They have three different shapes and has a thick mucous like cell wall. Flagella: propel the bacteria to move backward. Fimbriae: stiff fibers that break through host cell walls. Pilus: transfers DNA from one cell to the other. Plasmids: accessory rings of DNA. Toxins: inhibit cellular metabolism.

2. What is the structure of a virus? Is a virus living? Explain how a virus is able to reproduce. (pg 123) tiny noncellular particles. They are non living when not on a host, but living when on one. T carries the information to reproduce itself, including DNA/RNA and enzymes. It uses the host cell to help itself reproduce.

3. What are some ways that can explain the emergence of new viral disease? (pg 124) virus’s that misform in reproduction and survive and therefore reproduce.

4. What are prions, and how do they cause disease? (pg 124) when they change into a rogue shape, when this happens the nervous tissue is lost and plaque shows up. The brain turns into like a sponge with some holes in it.

7. How do nonspecific defenses differ from specific defenses? (pg 128-130) Specific defenses depend on the action of lymphocytes and have specific antigen receptors and match up with each specific infection. Nonspecific protect from infection in general.