Your+Inner+Fish+Homework+2.3+AG

Allie Gruber Human Bio Field Period 1 August 19, 2008

2.3 Molecules of Life (p.27) Define

organic molecules: a molecule that contains carbon and hydrogen and is usually associated with living things

1. What are the four classes of molecules unique to cells? Carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, nucleic acids

2. What type of recation occurs during the synthesis of macromolecules? Dehydration reaction

2.4 Carbohydrates (p. 28-29) Define...

Monosaccharide: simple sugar with a low number of carbon atoms in a carbohydrate

Disaccharide: the joining of two monosaccharides by a dehydration reaction

Glucose: hexose our bodies use an immediate source of energy

Polysaccharide: complex carbohydrates that contain many glucose units

Starch: readily stored forms of glucose in plants and animals

Glycogen: the storage from glucose in humans

Cellulose: passes through our digestive tract as fiber

1. What is the usual function of carbohydrates in humans? A quick and short-term energy storage in all organisms.

2. What is the difference between a simple carbohydrate and the various complex carbohydrates? Complex carbohydrates contain many glucose units such as starch and glycogen.

3. Of what benefit is fiber in our diet? The fiber in our diet includes various nondigestible carbohydrates derived from plants.

2.5 Lipids 1. Define saturated fats, unstaturated fat, and trans fat. Saturated fats are associated with cardiovascular disease because they cause lipid material called plaque to accumulate inside blood vessels. Unsaturated fats are protective against cardiovascular diseases containing more hydrogen atoms. Trans fat is hydrogenated oils that are in oils to make them solid.

2. What is the main function of fats and oils and what are they composed of? They function as energy storage molecules composed of oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen atoms.

3. What are the uses of phospholids and steroids in the body? Phospholipids are primary components of cellular membranes.

2.6 Proteins (p. 32-34) Define…

Peptide bond: the result of 2 amino acids covalent bond

Denaturation: when the normal bonding between the R groups has been disturbed

1. What are the major functions of proteins in an organism? To support and structure of the human body.

2. How does an amino acid get its name? The amino acid name comes from its acid groups of NH2 and COOH.

3. How does the shape of a protein relate to its function? Proteins go through a change in shape called denaturation, which explains its unusual shape.