DH+digestion+homework

1. Describe in you words the processes that occur in the digestive system (ingestion, digestion, movement, absorption, elimination) //The first thing that happens in the digestion process is the intake of foot (in ingestion). The food is ground up by the teeth, the swallowed. There are no nutrients that are small enough to be absorbed in this first stage, except for sugar. The food then moves through the esophagus into the stomach. In the stomach, there are acids that break down the food into much smaller pieces. However, the food is not completely dissolved, and neither are the nutrients. After the food sits in the stomach acid for a while, it makes its way through the small intestine. Here, is when nutrients begin to be absorbed by the body. Everything else that can't be absorbed however, goes into the colon, or the large intestine. Water is absorbed in the large intestine, leaving firmer pieces of excrement. This excrement then leaves the body through the anus, and the cycle starts all over again when food is placed into the mouth.// 1. Describe the MECHANICAL and CHEMICAL digestion that occurs in the mouth. //The mechanical digestion that occurs in the mouth is done by the teeth. The teeth grind the food together to make it more of a better size. The chemical digestion that occurs happens with the saliva. In order for the food to become soft enough to chew, the body produces saliva in the mouth the help aid in the digestion process.// 2. What is heartburn? //Heartburn is actually do to acid reflux. Acid reflux generally happens after eating certain fatty or greasy foods. It's almost like throwing up, except it hurts a lot worse and there's not as much bile.// 3. What is a dental cavity? (What causes it?) //A dental cavity is tooth decay. "When bacteria within the mouth metabolizes sugar and gives off acids, which erode teeth", cavities occur. Too much sugar can cause a dental cavity. Also, if people don't brush or floss their teeth they can get cavities.// 1. What are the functions of the stomach and how is the wall of the stomach modified to perform these functions? //The stomach's functions include holding foot, initiating the digestion of protein, and controlling the movement of chyme into the small intestine. The wall of the stomach moves and shapes itself so that it can move the food through the stomach easier. The muscles in the stomach contract in order to move the food into the small intestine.// 2. What are the functions of the small intestine and how is the wall of the small intestine modified to perform these functions? //The small intestine is responsible for completing digestion. The "small intestine contains enzymes to digest all types of foods, primarily carbohydrates, proteins, and fats."// 3. What is lactose intolerance? What causes it and what are the symptoms? //If someone is lactose intolerant, it means that they cannot handle the enzyme lactaste. Symptoms of this include diarrhea, gas, bloating, and abdominal cramps after drinking milk and other dairy products.// 1. What are the three main accessory organs and how do they assist the digestive process? //The three main accessory organs are the pancreas, the liver, and the stomach. The pancreas helps during digestion by releasing pancreatic amylase, which digests starch, trypsin to digest protein, and lipase to digest fat. The liver helps during digestion by removing iron and the vitamins, A, D, E, K, and B12 from the blood and storing them. The liver also creates bile salts which are in the stomach to help break down the food. The stomach helps during digestion by storing the food and then transferring it to the small intestine so it can finish its course.// 2. What is a gallstone? //A gallstone is formed when liquid stored in the gallbladder hardens into pieces of stonelike material.// 3. What is hepatitis? //Hepatitis is the inflammation of the liver. There are three forms of hapatitis, A, B and C.// 4. What is cirrhosis? //Cirrhosis is a chronic disease of the liver. The liver organ becomes fatty, then the liver tissue is replaced by inactive fibrous scar tissue. Cirrhosis is most commonly seen among alcoholics.// 1. What is the function of the large intestine? //The large intestine absorbs water, which is an important function that prevents dehydration of the body.// 2. Briefly describe the disorders of the large intestine: diarrhea, constipation, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, IBS, IBD, polyps, cancer. __//Diarrhea://__ //The major causes of diarrhea are infection of the lower intestinal tract and nervous stimulation. Water is not absorbed, which makes for a messy stool. __Constipation__: Constipation is when there is too much water taken out of the food while it is in the large intestine. __Diverticulosis__: Diverticulosis is the occurrence of little pouches of mucosa that have pushed out through weak spots in the muscularis. __Hemorrhoids__: Hemorrhoids are enlarged and inflamed blood vessels at the anus. __IBS:__ IBS, or irritable bowel syndrome is a condition in which the muscularis contracts powerfully but without its normal coordination. The symptoms include abdominal cramps, gas, constipation, and urgent, explosive stools. __IBD:__ IBD, or inflammatory bowel disease is a collective term for a number of inflammatory disorders. The large intestine and rectum are inflamed which make it easier for ulcers to appear. __Polyps:__ Polyps are small growths that are formed on the inside of the large intestine. They can be removed by surgery, and may or may not be cancerous. __Cancer:__//
 * Chapter 8 Digestive System**
 * 8.1 Overview of Digestion**
 * 8.2 First Part of the Digestive Tract**
 * 8.3 Stomach and Small Intestine**
 * 8.4 Three accessory organs.**
 * 8.5 Large Intestine**