diabetes-+rebecca

(1) What is a hormone? (insert an image too) (2) How are the nervous system and endocrine system similar? different? (3) Describe insulin secretion from the pancreas. Where is it produced? When is it secreted? (4) What is the role of insulin? (5) What is diabetes mellitus? (6) How does a glucose tolerance test assist in the diagnosis of diabetes? (7) What causes diabetes type 1? (8) How is diabetes type 1 controlled? (9) What causes diabetes type 2? (10) How is diabetes type 2 controlled? (11) What are the symptoms of diabetes?
 * 15.1 Endocrine Glands (p.296-297)**
 * a hormone is carried by the bloodstream to target cells throughout the body. Growth hormones stimulates the growth of long bones. It takes time to deliver a hormone. The hormones sends signals that Are carried throughout the body by the blood. The hormones are a way of communicating with the rest of the body.
 * they both make use of negative feedback mechanisms. The endocrine glands secrete their products into the bloodstream, which delivers them throughout the body. If the blood pressure falls, a signal is sent to message to the brain. The nervous system is made up of neurons, and their reaction time is much faster. The endocrine system is made up of glands which tells cells what to do.
 * 15.5 Pancreas (p.308-310)**
 * The pancreatic islets produces and secretes the hormones insulin and glucagon directly into the blood. It is produced in the liver.
 * Insulin is produced when the blood glucose level is high, which usually occurs after eating.. Insulin stimulates the uptake of glucose by cells, especally liver cells, most cells and adipose tissue cells.
 * Diabetes mellitus is a common hormonal disease in which liver cells and most body cells are unable to take up glucose as they should. Cellular famine exists in the midst of plenty and the person becomes extremely hungry. Glucose along with water is excreted in urine. Urination is frequent and the loss of water makes you thirsty.
 * The patient is given 100 grams of glucose, the blood glucose concentration is measured at intervals. In a diabetic the blood glucose level rises greatly and remains elevated for several hours. Glucose appears in the urine. In a non diabetic the blood glucose levels somewhat and then returns to normal after about two hours.
 * The pancreas is not producing insulin. The cytotoxic T cells destroy the pancreatic islets. The body turns to the metabolism of fat, which leads to a build up of ketones in the blood which turns into acid blood which can lead to death or coma.
 * You must have daily insulin injections. It regulates your blood glucose levels.
 * Often the person is obese. Insulin binds to a plasma membrane receptor, the number of protein carriers for glucose increases and more glucose that usual enters the cell. The cell s insulin resistant.
 * Low fat, low sugar diet and exercising regularly. Oral drugs that stimulates the pancreas to secrete more insulin and enhance the metablism of glucose in the liver and miscle cells are availabe.
 * Perspiration, pale skin, shallow breathing and anxiety. Stroke, blindness, kidney disease, cardiovascular disorders.