Digestion+&+Nutrition+AG

Allie Gruber Human Bio Field Period 1 September 5, 2008

1. What is appendicitis and why is it dangerous? p. 145 Appendicitis is an inflamed appendix that if bursts could resuld in peritonitis which is a life-threatening infection of the peritoneum.

2. What are dental carries? What causes them and how can they be prevented? p. 146 Tooth decay, caused by bacteria within the mouth that metabolizes sugar and gives off acids that erode teeth.

3. What is heartburn? And how can it be prevented? p. 148 When the stomach contents pass upward into the esophagus, the acidity begins to erode the lining of the esophagus. Heartburn can be prevented with a healthy diet and exercise.

4. Wath is lactose intolerance? What are the symptoms? 150	Lactose intolerance is when people do not have the brush border enzyme called lactase that digests lactose; symptoms include diarrhea, gas, bloating and abdominal cramps.

5. What are gallstones? p.152 Gallstones from when liquid stored in the gallbladder hardens into pieces of stone like material.

6. What is jaundice? p. 153 Jaundice occurs when blue pigments leak into the blood.

7. What is hepatitis? p. 153 Hepatitis occurs with inflammation of the liver.

8. What is Cirrhosis? p. 153 Another chronic diseas of the liver when the organ becomes fatty and the liver tissue is replaced by inactive fibrous scar tissue.

9. What causes diarrhea and what are the symptoms, effects? p. 154 The major causes of diarrhea are infection of the lower intestinal tract and nervous stimulation. Prolonged diarrhea can lead o dehydration because of the water loss and to disturbances in the heart’s contraction due to an imbalance of salts in the blood.

10. What is constipation? What can help ease constipation? p. 154 When the feces are dry and hard. An intake of water and fiber can help regularity of defection.

11. What are hemorrhoids? p. 155 Enlarged and inflamed blood vessels at the anus.

12. What is diverticulosis? p. 145, 155 Diverticulosis is the occurrence of little pouches of mucosa that have pushed out through weak spots in the muscularis.

13. What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome? p. 145, 155 IBS is a condition in which the muscularis contracts powerfully but without its normal coordination with symptoms of abdominal cramps, gas, constipation and explosive stools.

14. What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease? p. 145, 155 IBD is a collective term for a number of inflammatory disorders including Ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease, which effect the large intestine and the rectum.

15. What are polyps and how are they associated with cancer? p. 155 Polyps are small growths arising from the epithelial lining that can be removed surgically if cancerous.

16. How do doctors look at your GI tract? (Describe the pill cam and colonoscopy) p. 155 GI tracts can be checked out by pill cams which are a four- to eight-hour procedure with the camera entering the digestive system and travels through the stomach, small intestine and large intestine. Colonoscopy is a routine procedure used to examine and diagnose colon cancer where a endoscope is inserted through the anus and into the large intestine.

17. Can carbohydrates be harmful? p. 158 Yes, the intakes of refined carbohydrates and fructose sweeteners processed from cornstarch may be harmful to the body.

18. Can proteins be harmful? p. 159 Yes, too much protein leads to excess amino acids with may not be converted into muscle tissue and could also lead to dehydration or kidney stones.

19. Can lipids be harmful? p. 159 Yes cardiovascular disease is often due to arteries being blocked by plaque which contains saturated fats and cholesterol which is carried in the body by lipoproteins.