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(1) What does IVF stand for? What does it treat? How does the doctor get the eggs? Where are the embryo’s made and when are they implanted? Where are they implanted? (p.334) In Vitro Fertilization occurs when the doctor goes into the woman with a needle to retrieve the eggs. treats infertility. The embryos are developed in glassware then transferred back to the uterus after about two to four days. 10-20 eggs are removed. put back in no more than 3.

(2) Embryos that are not implanted are frozen? What can happen to frozen embryos? (p.335) The frozen embryos are used for research and get really really cold. they can also put them into the uterus after thawing. 1 in every 100 pregnancies... usually in fallopian tube.

(3) What is an ectopic pregnancy? (p. 357) when the embryo develops somewhere other than the uterus.

(4) Briefly describe how cloning is done. (p. 362) An egg is taken and the nucleus is removed by a donor nucleus, then the cell is artificially triggered into cell division by electric shock. When the embryo begins to develop it is placed back into the "mother".

(5) What are some the problems that have developed in cloned animals? (p. 362) deformities, malfunctioning organs, abnormal blood vessels, heart problems, diabetes.

(6) What is the difference between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning? What are the pros and cons of each. (p. 362) In reproductive cloning the end is supposed to be an individual, in theraputic, its the embyotic cells that can possibly be coaxed into other cell types. the theraputic is stopped short at stem cells. The pros of theraputic are that they can do tests to treat illness and learn more about the specialization of the cell, but the cell/pre-baby is wasted.

(7) When can you tell if an embryo is a boy or girl? (p. 364) about 6 weeks after

(8) Describe two causes of cases where a person is XY (male) but looks and acts female. (p. 365) AIS where there is a mutation where the y chromosome is ineffective making them seem female. They are def to testosterone.

(9) What is true hermaphroditism? (p. 365) when a person develops both female and male anatomy.

(10) What is stage 3 of birth? What happens? (p. 369) In this stage, the uterus expels the placenta. The placenta is usually delivered within 15-30 minutes of the baby being born. Maternal blood loss is limited by contraction of the uterus following delivery of the placenta.