Drew's+Digestion+hw

8.1 Overview of Digestion 1. Name and describe the three processes that occur during the digestive process. Ingestion-occurs when food goes into the mouth Digestion-When food is divided into pieces that be acted on by the digestive enzymes Movement-When food is passed from one organ to the next Absorption-Molecules produced by digestion cross the wall of the GI tract Elimination-When molecules that cannot be digested are eliminated

2. What are the four layers of the GI tract? Associate an illness with each of the layers. Describe the illness. Mucosa/diverticultis-when mucas pouches form and collect food Submucosa/IBD-characterized by chronic diarrhea, abdominal pain, fever, and weight loss Muscularis/IBS-contractions of the wall cause abdominal pain, constipation, and/or diarrhea.

8.2 The First Part of the Digestive Tract Define the following vocab... Palate-The roof of the mouth salivary glands-Glands that send juices by way of ducts in the mouth dental carries-decay or tooth cavity periodontitis-Loss of bone and loosening of teeth. Pharynx-cavity that food and air pass through Esophagus-Long, narrow tube that takes food to the stomach Glottis-Opening to the larynx/air passage Epiglottis-Covers the glottis Peristalsis-a rhythmic contraction that pushes food along the esophogus Sphincters-Muscles that encircle tubes and act as valves Diaphragm-Muscle that seperates the thoracic and abdominal cavities

3. Describe the mecahnical and chemical digestion that occurs in the mouth. Mechanical-The teeth chew the food and the chemical (saliva) acts on it

4. What ordinarily prevents food from entering the nose or entering the trachea when you swallow? The epiglottis prevents the food from entering the nose or trachea when swallowing

Health Focus Heartburn (p148) 5. What causes the burning sensation associated with heartburn? Acid reflux

6. What is GERD? How is it different from heartburn? In GERD the patient’s reflux is more frequent

7. Describe two ways drugs treat GERD. -drugs that neutralize stomach acid -Perscribed medication that shuts down and reduces acid production

8. Describe ways to avoid hearburn that do not involve drugs. Diet and exercise