Lucy3.1,8.3,18.1

__**3.1**__
__**1. What does the cell theory state?**__ The cell theory states that a cell is the basic unit of life. Nothing smalled than a cell is alive, therefore, all living things are made up of cells and new cells arise only from preexisting cells. __**2. Why are cells so tiny?**__ Cells are so tiny becuase its easier for the nutrients to go through the cell. The larger the cell, greater the surface, the greater the ability for the materials to get in and out of the cell. __**3. How do the light microscope and electron microscopes differ from one another?**__ The light microscope is used to pass light rays through objects to magnify them, and the image can be viewed directly by the human eye. The electron microscopes are used to magnify images too, but the human eye can;t see the image, therefore, it is projected onto a fluorescent screen or photographic film to produce an image that can be viewed. The magnification produced by the electron microscopes are much higher than the light microscope. The electron microscope has the ability to distinguish between two adjacent points but the light microscope has the ability to view living specimens.

__**6.3**__
Granular Leukocytes. Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and basophils have granueles. Agranular Leukocytes. Lymphocytes and Monocytes do not have granules. The Granular Leukocytes include Neutrophils, Eosinophils, and basophils. Neutrophils are the first to respond to an infection. They are like a "vacuum cleaner" because they suck unwanted substances. The Eosinophils increase the number in the event of a parasitic worm infection or an allergic reaction. The Basophils, release histamine associate with an allergic reaction.
 * __1. What are the different types of white blood cells?__**
 * __2. What is the structure and function of each type of blood cell?__**

The Agranular Leukocytes include the Lymphocytes and Moncytes. The Lymphocytes make up 25-35% of the while blood cells. They are the second most important while blood cell. They are responsible for specific immunity to particular pathogens and their toxins. They have 2 types of cells, B and T cells. The B cells protect humans by producing antibodies that combine with target pathogen and mark them for destruction. The T tells destory teh pathogen directly. __severe combined immunodeficiency disease__ (SCID): The stem cells of the while blood cells lack an enzyme called adenosime deaminase. Without that enzyme, the body cannot fight infections of any kind. There are 2 ways to treat it, repeated injections of missing enzymes, and to usegene therapy - a cure if it is worked properly. __Leukemia__ is due to uncontrolled cell growth. The white blood cells are abnormal or immature, so they are not capable to preform their normal defense functions. __Infectious mononucleosis__ is when the lymphocytes are mononucear. Symptoms for IM are fever, sore throat, and swollen lymph glands.
 * __3. Name and describe three disorders of while blood cells.__**

__**18.1**__
__**What are the three stages of interphase?**__ G1 stage, S stage, and g2 stage. __**How does interphase prepare a cell for cell division?**__ As the cell gets ready to divide, it grows bigger, the number of organele double, and the amount of chromatin doubles as DNA synthesis occurs.