Drew's+Immune+System+HW

Immune System Wiki Homework. (Chapter 7)

7.2 Lymphatic System For each of the following define their function and include their role in immunity (the ability to combat disease). (p.127-128) Red bone marrow-produces all types of blood cells thymus gland-soft, bilobed gland located in the thoracic cavity spleen-organ that filters blood lymph nodes-nodes that occur along lymphatic vessels, that filter lymph

7.3 Nonspecific Defenses (p. 128-130)

Describe the barriers to entry and include their role in immunity Skin and mucous membranes-protection against infections that line the respiratory, digestive, reproductive, and urinary tract. Chemical Barriers-barriers that secrete sebaceous oils Resident Bacteria-microbes that reside in the mouth, intestine, and other areas

Define the players in the inflammatory response Histaminemediator released by damaged tissue mast cells-cells that cause the capillaries to dilate and become more permeable pus-white substance that protects against infection cytokines-chemical mediators macrophages-monocytes are longer lived cells that become macrophages

List the four steps in the inflammatory response (figure 7.9) 1.injured tissue cells and mast cells release histamine 2. Macrophages and dendritic cells phagocytize pathogens and release cytokines 3. Neutrophils and Monocytes squeeze through the capillary wall and phagocytize pathogens 4. Blood clotting walls off capillary and prevents blood loss

Describe the complement system and its role in immunity. System composed of a number of blood plasma proteins

Describe the membrane attack complex and its role in immunity. It produces holes in the surface of bacteria

Describe interferon and its role in immunity. They serve as a warning to non infected cells in the area.

7.4 Specific Defenses (pp.130) Define Antigens. Molecules the immune system recognizes as foreign to the body.

How does specific defense differ from nonspecific defense? It can distinguish between “self” and “nonself”

Which blood cells are mainly responsible for specific defense, and how do they function? (make a table like the one on page 130)

7.5 Acquired Immunity (pp.136) What is acquired immunity? Immunity that has two types, active, and passive.

What is active immunity and explain an example? When the individual alone produces antibodies against an antigen

What is passive immunity and explain an example? The individual is given prepared antibodies

7. 6 Hypersensitivity Reactions (pp.138-139) When is the immune system hypersensitive? When the immune system responds in a manner that harms the body

Explain how an allergy is an example of hypersensitivity. Because it would not ordinarily do harm to the body

Explain how tissue rejection is an example of hypersensitivity. When people try to get transplants the body rejects them.

Define autoimmune disease. When cytotoxic T cells or antibodies mistakenly attack the body’s own cells as if they bear foreign antigens

Define the following autoimmune diseases. multiple sclerosis (MS)-T cells attack the myelin sheath of nerve fibers lupus-deposition of excessive antigen-antibody complexes rheumatoid arthritis-When the joints are affected.