Cell+Structures+GS

Grant Sanders Period 1 Cell Structure

Chapter 3. Cell Structure. 1. What does the cell theory state? The cell theory states that a cell is the basic unit of life, all living things are made up of cells, and new cells arise only from preexisting cells.

2. Why are cells so tiny? Cells are tiny because it is easier for them to carry materials over a shorter distance.

3. What are the three main parts of a eukaryotic cell? The three main parts of a eukaryotic cell are the nucleus, the plasma membrane, and the cytoplasm.

4. Explain how the eukaryotic cell gained mitochondria and chloroplasts. The eukaryotic cell gained mitochondria when the animal cell arose, and the chloroplasts were gained when the plant cell arose.

5. What are glycoproteins, and what functions do proteins, including glycoproteins, have in the plasma membrane? Glycoproteins are short chains of sugar that are attached to the outer surface of some protein and lipid molecules. Proteins located in the plasma membrane play an important role in that they help substances to enter the cell.

6. What is endocytosis and exocytosis, and how do they occur? Large substances enter the cell through a process called endocytosis, and large substances exit the cell through a process called exocytosis.

7. The nucleus, ribosomes, and rough endoplasmic reticulum make what contribution to protein synthesis? The nucleus stores genetic information which attaches to the endoplasmic reticulum where many ribosomes are found, and the ribosomes gather to form protein synthesis.

8. The endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi apparatus make what contribution to the processing of proteins? The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing, packaging, and secretion. The endoplasmic reticulum is involved in processing and modifying.

9. What is the function of smooth endoplasmic reticulum and lysosomes? The smooth endoplasmic reticulum synthesizes the phospholipids that occur in membranes, and lysosomes fuse vesicles and its content is digested.

10. What is the function of the mitochondria? The Mitochondria is like the powerhouse of the cell, in that its job is to convert the chemical energy of glucose products into the chemical energy of ATP molecules.