Digestive+System+and+Nutrition+HW4+MC

1. What is appendicitis and why is it dangerous? p. 145 Appendicitis is an inflamed appendix and it’s dangerous and has to be removed because, should the appendix burst, the result can be peritonitis, a life-threatening infection of the peritoneum. 2. What are dental carries? What causes them and how can they be prevented? p. 146 Dental carries are cavities that occur when bacteria within the mouth metabolize sugar and give off acids, which erode the teeth. Eating a limited amount of sweets, and daily brushing and flossing of the teeth can help prevent them. 3. What is heartburn? And how can it be prevented? p. 148 Heartburn is the burning sensation occurring in the area of the esophagus that lies behind the heart. To prevent this avoid high-fat meals, don’t overeat, eat several small meals instead of three large meals a day, and do light exercise such as riding a bike at a slow pace, walking, yoga, and light weight-lifting. 4. What is lactose intolerance? What are the symptoms? 150 Lactose intolerance is the inability to digest lactose because of an enzyme deficiency. Symptoms are diarrhea, gas, bloating, and abdominal cramps after drinking mil and other dairy products. 5. What are gallstones? p.152 Gallstones are crystalline bodies formed by from concentration of normal and abnormal bile components within the gallbladder. 6. What is jaundice? p. 153 Jaundice is a yellowish tint to the skin caused by abnormal amount of bilirubin in the blood, indicating liver malfunction. 7. What is hepatitis? p. 153 Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver. 8. What is Cirrhosis? p. 153 Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible injury to liver tissue. 9. What causes diarrhea and what are the symptoms, effects? p. 154 The major causes of diarrhea are infection of the lower intestinal tract and nervous stimulation. Symptoms and effects are that the intestinal wall becomes irritated, and peristalsis increases. Water isn’t absorbed which leads to dehydration and to disturbances in the heart’s contraction due to imbalance of salts in the blood. 10. What is constipation? What can help ease constipation? p. 154 Constipation is when the feces are dry and hard. Laxatives can help ease constipation. 11. What are hemorrhoids? p. 155 They are enlarged and inflamed blood vessels at the anus. 12. What is diverticulosis? p. 145, 155 It is the occurrence of little pouches of mucosa that have pushed out through weak spots in the muscularis. 13. What is Irritable Bowel Syndrome? p. 145, 155 IBS is a condition in which the muscularis contracts powerfully but without its normal coordination. 14. What is Inflammatory Bowel Disease? p. 145, 155 IBD is a collective term for a number of inflammatory disorders. 15. What are polyps and how are they associated with cancer? p. 155 They are small growths arising from the epithelial lining. If colon cancer is detected while still confined to a polyp, the expected outcome is a complete cure. 16. How do doctors look at your GI tract? (describe the pill cam and colonoscopy) p. 155 The doctor uses PillCam which is a viable alternative to traditional endoscopy procedure, during which the doctor uses a retractable tubelike instrument with an embedded camera to visualize the patient’s GI tract. PillCam is swallowed, and it travels through the digestive system. Colonoscopy is a routine procedure used to examine and diagnose colon cancer. 17. Can carbohydrates be harmful? p. 158 Yes, carbohydrates can be harmful because they cause your insulin to be really high which can cause diabetes type 2 and increased fat position. 18. Can proteins be harmful? p. 159 Yes, proteins can be harmful because they are high in saturated fats that lead to cardiovascular disease. 19. Can lipids be harmful? p. 159 Yes, Lipids can be harmful because saturated fats tend to raise LDL cholesterol levels.